Balaji v. State of Mysore
Introduction:
- Balaji v. State of Mysore is a significant case in Indian constitutional law that deals with the reservation of seats in educational institutions for socially and educationally backward classes.
Facts of the Case:
- The State of Mysore (now Karnataka) passed an order reserving seats in medical colleges for various categories, including backward classes, scheduled castes, and scheduled tribes. The petitioner, Balaji, challenged the order, arguing that it violated his fundamental rights under Article 14 of the Indian Constitution.
Issue in the Case:
- The main issue in the case was whether the state’s order reserving seats in educational institutions based on caste violated the right to equality guaranteed under the Constitution.
Judgement in the Case:
- The Supreme Court of India upheld the state’s reservation policy, stating that it was consistent with the Constitution’s objective of promoting social justice and equality. However, the Court imposed certain limitations on the extent of reservation, ruling that it should not exceed 50% of the total seats available. This case established the principle of a 50% cap on reservation, ensuring a balance between affirmative action and meritocracy.