Anilines Reaction

We know that aniline is a fundamental organic aromatic compound. It can undergo various reactions to form several other compounds. Some of the common reactions of aniline is mentioned below:

Coupling Reactions: Aniline reacts with a diazonium salt in a diazo coupling reaction, and form azo dye (like aminoazobenzene) with water and hydrogen chloride as byproducts.

C₆H₅N₂⁺Cl^– + C₆H₅NH₂ → C₆H₅N=NC₆H₄NH₂ + H2O + HCl

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Aniline undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution with bromine in the presence of ferric bromide catalyst to form bromoaniline (3-bromobenzenamine ) derivatives.

2C₆H₅NH₂ + Br₂ + 2FeBr₃ → 2C₆H₄(NH₂)Br + 2HBr + 2FeBr₂

Diazotization: Aniline reacts with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid to form anilinium chloride salt, water and sodium chloride.

C₆H₅NH₂ + NaNO₂ + 2HCl → C₆H₅N₂⁺Cl^– + NaCl + 2H₂O

Acylation: Aniline reacts with acetyl chloride to form N-phenylacetamide and hydrochloric acid.

C₆H₅NH₂ + CH₃COCl → C₆H₅NHCOCH₃ + HCl

Reduction: Aniline reacts with hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst to form N-methylaniline and water produced as a byproduct.

C₆H₅NH₂ + 3H₂ → C₆H₅NHCH₃ + 2 H₂O

Nitration: Aniline reacts with nitric acid in the presence of sulfuric acid as a catalyst to substitute a H atom on the benzene ring with a nitro group, forming nitroaniline with water and sulfur dioxide as byproducts.

C₆H₅NH₂ + HNO₃ + 2H₂SO4 → C₆H₄(NH₂)(NO₂) + 2SO₂ + 2H₂O

Halogenation: Aniline reacts with bromine to substitute a H atom with a Br atom on the benzene ring to form bromoaniline and hydrobromic acid.

C₆H₅NH₂ + Br₂ → C₆H₄BrNH₂ + HBr

Sulfonation: Aniline reacts with sulfur trioxide (SO3) in the presence of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to form p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid (C6H4SO3NH2) and water (H2O).

C₆H₅NH₂ + SO₃/H2SO4 → C₆H₄SO₃NH₂ + H₂O

Anilines are organic aromatic compounds that are derived from benzene with an amino group (NH₂) joined to it. Because of its reactivity and structure, it plays a crucial role in the making of various industrial chemicals, which increases the use of aniline in pharmaceuticals, dyes, and other places in modern chemistry.