Arthus Reaction Mechanism
Understanding the sequence of events is crucial for accurately identifying and managing the condition. Here is the sequence of development of the arthus phenomenon:
- The arthus reaction begins when an individual is repeatedly exposed to a certain antigen, such as through vaccination or occupational contact.
- When exposed to an antigen, the immune system produces antibodies. When these antibodies encounter the antigen in the bloodstream, they combine to form immunological complexes.
- Immune complexes precipitate on the walls of blood vessels, notably in the skin and joints, as they are insoluble.
- Immune complex deposition activates complement proteins, exacerbating the inflammatory response. This leads to the activation of complement system.
- When complement proteins are activated, they attract immunne cells like neutrophils and macrophages to the site of immune complex deposition.
- The inflow of inflammatory cells causes localised inflammation, characterized by redness, swelling, and pain.
- Chronic inflammation and can cause tissue damage and, in severe situations, necrosis.
- Symptoms usually appear within hours of antigen exposure and can last for many days.
Arthus Phenomenon
Arthus phenomenon, named after the French immunologist Nicolas Maurice Arthus, is an uncommon immune response that causes localised damage to the tissue. Arthus phenomenon results from the deposition of the immune complex. This condition happens when an antigen is repeatedly administered resulting in an exaggerated immunological response.
In this article, we will learn about the Arthus phenomenon, its mechanisms, examples, and management, which is critical for physicians and researchers in addressing the condition.
Table of Content
- What is Arthus Phenomenon?
- Arthus Reaction Mechanism
- Arthus Reaction Symptoms
- Examples of Arthus Reaction
- Diagnosis of Arthus Phenomenon
- Treatment of Arthus Phenomenon
- Research and Future Directions
- Arthus Reaction Vs Serum Sickness