Assertions
The JUnit 5 provides different methods in Assertions class for checking the expected Result. Assertions are used to check if a condition is true. If the condition is false, the test fails. Common assertions include:
assertEquals(expected, actual)
: Checks if two values are equal.assertTrue(condition)
: Checks if a condition is true.assertFalse(condition)
: Checks if a condition is false.assertNotNull(object)
: Checks if an object is not null.
Example of Assertions:
//Java program to demonstrate JUnit Assertion
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
public class MyTest {
@Test
void exampleTest() {
int result = someMethod();
Assertions.assertEquals(42, result, "The result should be 42");
}
private int someMethod() {
return 42;
}
}
For above code the test case passed successfully.
Introduction to JUnit 5
JUnit is a Testing Framework. The Junit 5 is the latest version of the testing framework, and it has a lot of features when compared with Junit 4. JUnit 5, also known as JUnit Jupiter. It introduces several new features and improvements over its predecessor, JUnit 4, making it more powerful and flexible for writing and running tests.
The JUnit 5 version has three different modules for defining and performing different functionalities in testing. The components are:
- JUnit Platform
- JUnit Jupiter
- JUnit Vintage
These three components play an important role in writing test cases for a software application. Now we will discuss each component in simple words.
JUnit Platform
In Software Industries, The Testing team designs and develops different types of test cases for checking the quality of the application. This means they test application functionality and Behavior in different conditions. After the Test cases are Developed, where we run those test cases. The Answer is, In Java If we want to run the test cases, we need JVM. So, the JUnit Platform provides a launching mechanism for testing frameworks on the JVM.
JUnit Jupiter
The second component in Junit 5 is JUnit Jupiter. This component provides new programming techniques for developing the test cases in JUnit 5.
JUnit Vintage
The Third component is JUnit Vintage in JUnit 5. The JUnit Vintage functionality is different from the above Two. Before JUnit 5, The Tester uses JUnit 4, JUnit 3, or some other Versions. But nowadays everybody shows interest in JUnit 5 for developing test cases. The Main functionality of JUnit Vintage is allowing JUnit 3 and JUnit 4 Test cases on the JUnit 5 Platform.
The JUnit Provides a lot of features when compared with JUnit 4. If want to learn JUnit 5 then we need to know some basics of the JUnit 5 Framework. Now I provide the basic information about JUnit 5. The basics of JUnit 5 are,
- Annotations
- Test Life cycle methods
- Assertions
- Assumptions
- Parameterized Test
- Dynamic Tests
- Tagging and Filtering
Maven Dependency for JUnit 5
To use JUnit 5 with Maven, you need to add the following dependencies to your pom.xml
:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
<version>5.9.3</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
<version>5.9.3</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
Gradle Dependency for JUnit 5
To use JUnit 5 with Gradle, you need to add the following dependencies to your build.gradle
:
testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:5.9.3'
testImplementation 'org.junit.vintage:junit-vintage-engine:5.9.3'