Branches of Geography (Based on Systematic Approach)
- Physical Geography:
- Geomorphology focuses on studying landforms, their evolution, and related processes.
- Climatology involves the study of the atmosphere’s structure, weather elements, climatic types, and regions.
- Hydrology examines water bodies’ realm over the Earth’s surface, including oceans, lakes, rivers, and their impact on various life forms.
- Soil Geography is dedicated to understanding soil formation processes, soil types, fertility status, distribution, and utilization.
- Human Geography:
- Social/Cultural Geography explores society’s spatial dynamics and cultural elements.
- Population and Settlement Geography (Rural and Urban) analyze population growth, distribution, density, migration, occupational structure, and characteristics of rural and urban settlements.
- Economic Geography studies economic activities such as agriculture, industry, tourism, trade, transport, infrastructure, and services.
- Historical Geography examines historical processes shaping different regions and how geographical features undergo temporal changes.
- Political Geography studies political events’ spatial aspects, including boundaries, space relations between neighboring political units, constituency delimitation, election scenarios, and theoretical frameworks for understanding population’s political behavior.
- Biogeography:
- Plant Geography investigates the spatial pattern of natural vegetation in various habitats.
- Zoo Geography studies animals’ spatial patterns and geographic characteristics in their habitats.
- Ecology/Ecosystem focuses on the scientific study of species’ habitat characteristics.
- Environmental Geography addresses global environmental issues like land degradation, pollution, conservation concerns, and their geographical implications.
Branches of Geography Class 11 Notes
Geography is a vast field that encompasses the study of the physical and human aspects of our planet. It is a multidisciplinary subject that bridges the gap between the natural sciences and social sciences, providing a comprehensive understanding of the world we live in.
Let us study the various branches of geography and also their importance!
Branches of Geography