Causes of the Naxalite Movement in India
The Naxalite movement is an ideological movement that originated in the late 1960s. Some of the main causes of the Naxalit movement were:
- Land Disputes and Agrarian Issues: Unequal distribution of land and landlessness among the rural poor, have been the main driver of the Naxalite movement in India. Peasants lost their traditional land and often faced exploitation by landlords.
- Tribal Displacement and Exploitation: The large scale displacement of tribal communities due to industrial projects, mining, and large-scale infrastructure development led to the loss of livelihoods. Inadequate compensation for their land contributed to the discontent that fueled the Naxalite movement.
- Social Injustice and Inequality: The marginalized sections of society, including Dalits and Adivasis, felt oppressed and sought radical changes in the social structure.
- Failure of Land Reforms: There was discontent among the rural poor due to the lack of effective implementation of policies meant to address land distribution issues.
- Political Factors: Failure of the political parties to address the concerns of the marginalized sections led to the emergence of radical ideologies. Within the movement some factions were inspired by Maoist ideology and believed in armed struggle to achieve their goals.
- Lack of Development and Basic Services: The lack of basic services like health, education, infrastructure, etc. in tribal and rural areas led to the development of resentment against the government.
- International influence: Maoism and other international revolutionary movements inspired the naxalite movement.
- Ethnic and Cultural Identity: Tribal communities sought autonomy and recognition of their distinct identity within the Indian state. They worked towards protection of their ethnic and cultural identity.
- Lack of Inclusive Development Policies: Lack of steps taken by the government to implement inclusive and sustainable development policies in Maoist-affected areas contributed to the persistence of grievances among local populations.
Naxal Movement
The Naxal Movement, also known as Naxalism or the Naxalite–Maoist insurgency, is an ongoing conflict between the Indian government and Maoist groups. The movement began as a rebellion against local landlords over land control. The main reason for the growth of Naxalism is the slow implementation of land reforms. The strongest presence of the Naxalite–Maoist insurgency is present in the Red Corridor which is the region in the eastern, central, and southern parts of India.
In this article, we will explore what is naxalite or a naxal movement and its history, causes, impacts, challenges, etc.
Table of Content
- What is Naxalite?
- Historical Background of the Naxal Movement
- Causes of the Naxalite Movement in India
- Impact of Naxalite Movement in India
- Challenges of Naxalism
- Steps Taken by Indian Government to Curb Naxalism
- Measures to Counter Nexal Movement