CBSE Class 12 Geography Detailed Syllabus
Part A: Fundamentals of Human Geography (90 Periods)
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Unit Name
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Topics Covered
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| Unit 1: Human Geography: Nature and Scope (07 Periods) |
- The Naturalisation of Humans and Humanisation of Nature
- Human Geography through the Corridors of Time
- Fields and Sub-fields of Human Geography
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| Unit 2: People (20 Periods) |
- The World Population- distribution, density and Growth
- Population change – Components of population change, Demographic Transition
- Human development – concept; selected indicators, international comparisons
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| Unit 3: Human Activities (32 Periods) |
- Primary activities – concept and changing trends; gathering, pastoral, mining, subsistence agriculture, modern agriculture; people engaged in agricultural and allied activities – some examples from selected countries
- Secondary activities- concept; manufacturing: types – household, small scale, large scale; agro-based and mineral-based industries;
- Tertiary activities – concept; trade, transport and tourism; services; people engaged in tertiary activities
- Quaternary activities- concept; people engaged in quaternary activities – a case study from selected countries
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| Unit 4: Transport, Communication and Trade (26 Periods) |
- Land transport – roads, railways; transcontinental railways Water transport- inland waterways; major ocean routes
- Air transport- Intercontinental air routes Oil and gas pipelines
- Satellite communication and cyberspace importance and usage for geographical information; use of GPS
- International trade- bases and changing patterns; ports as gateways of international trade; the role of WTO in international trade
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Map Work on the identification of features based on 1-5 units on the outline
Physical/Political map of the World (05 Periods)
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Part B: India: People and Economy (90 Periods)
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Unit Name
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Topics Covered
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| Unit 6: People (15 Periods) |
- Population: distribution, density and growth; composition of the population – linguistic, religious; sex, rural-urban and occupational-regional variations in the growth of population
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| Unit 7: Human Settlements (10 Periods) |
- Rural settlements – types and distribution
- Urban settlements – types, distribution and functional classification
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| Unit 8: Resources and Development (30 Periods) |
- Land resources- general land use; agricultural land use; geographical conditions and distribution of major crops (Wheat, Rice, Tea, Coffee, Cotton, Jute, Sugarcane and Rubber); agricultural development and problems
- Water resources-availability and utilization irrigation, domestic, industrial and other uses; scarcity of water and conservation methods-rain water harvesting and watershed management
- Mineral and energy resources- distribution of metallic (Iron ore, Copper, Bauxite, Manganese); non-metallic (Mica, Salt) minerals; conventional (Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas and Hydroelectricity) and non-conventional energy sources (solar, wind, biogas) and conservation
- Planning in India- target group area planning (case study); the idea of sustainable development (case study)
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| Unit 9: Transport, Communication and International Trade (15 Periods) |
- Transport and communication-roads, railways, waterways and airways: oil and gas pipelines; Geographical information and communication networks
- International trade- changing pattern of India’s foreign trade; seaports and their hinterland and airports
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| Unit 10: Geographical Perspective on selected issues and Problems (15 Periods) |
- Environmental pollution; urban-waste disposal
- Urbanization, rural-urban migration; problems of slums
- Land degradation
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| Map work on locating and labelling of features based on the above units on an outline map of India (05 Periods) |
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Part C: Practical Work in Geography Part II (40 Periods)
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Unit Name
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Topics Covered
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| Unit 1: Processing of Data and Thematic Mapping (25 Periods) |
- Type and Sources of data: Primary, Secondary and other sources
- Tabulating and processing of data; calculation of averages, measures of central tendency
- Representation of data- construction of diagrams: bars, circles and flowchart; thematic maps; construction of dot; choropleth and isopleths maps
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| Unit 2: Spatial Information Technology (15 Periods) |
Introduction to GIS; hardware requirements and software modules; data formats; raster and vector data, data input, editing and topology building; data analysis; overlay and buffer. |
CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2024-25: Subject-wise PDF Download
CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2024-25 has been released by the Central Board of Secondary Education(CBSE). Students can now download the subject-wise syllabus for CBSE Class 12. This year, CBSE has updated few topics and chapters which we have updated in the article below. Students are advised to go through the latest syllabus of CBSE Class 12th carefully to have a clear understanding of the CBSE Class 12th Exam.
By following the CBSE Class 12th syllabus and CBSE Class 12 exam pattern, Students can manage their time table effectively to get better CBSE results. w3wiki has covered all Class 12th subjects such as Mathematics, Science, Social Science, Languages, and Skill-Based Subjects to make students well prepared.
Let’s take a detailed look at the CBSE Class 12th Syllabus 2024-25.