Construction of Photovoltaic Cell
The construction of a photovoltaic cell involves several key components and materials. A detail of such components and method is discussed below:
- Semiconductor Material: Photovoltaic cells are typically made from silicon, a semiconductor material that has the ability to absorb photons of sunlight and release electrons. Silicon is chosen for its availability, stability, and efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity.
- P-N Junction: The basic structure of a PV cell involves a P-N (positive-negative) junction. This junction is created by doping the silicon with specific impurities. The P side is doped with a material that introduces positive charge carriers (holes), while the N side is doped with a material that introduces negative charge carriers (electrons).
- Absorption Layer: Above the P-N junction, there is a thin layer known as the absorption layer. This layer is crucial for capturing photons from sunlight. When photons strike the absorption layer, they energize electrons, causing them to break free from their atomic bonds.
- Metal Contacts: Metal contacts are placed on the top and bottom surfaces of the PV cell to allow the flow of electrons. The metal contacts form an electrical circuit, capturing the freed electrons and providing a pathway for them to be utilized as electrical power.
- Antireflection Coating: To enhance the absorption of sunlight, an antireflection coating is often applied to the surface of the PV cell. This coating minimizes the reflection of sunlight, ensuring that more photons penetrate the cell and contribute to the generation of electricity.
- Encapsulation: Photovoltaic cells are often encapsulated to protect them from environmental factors such as moisture and mechanical stress. Encapsulation materials can include glass or transparent plastics that allow sunlight to reach the cell while providing a protective barrier.
- Back Surface Field: Some advanced PV cells may incorporate a back surface field to enhance the collection of electrons and improve overall efficiency.
Photovoltaic Cell
Photovoltaic Cell is an electronic device that captures solar energy and transforms it into electrical energy. It is made up of a semiconductor layer that has been carefully processed to transform sun energy into electrical energy. The term “photovoltaic” originates from the combination of two words: “photo,” which comes from the Greek word “phos,” meaning light, and “voltaic,” which is derived from the name of Alessandro Volta, an Italian physicist who invented the voltaic pile, a forerunner of the electric battery.
Get a deep insight into Photovoltaic cells in this article, by learning its basics such as definition, characteristics, construction, working, and applications.
Table of Content
- What is a Photovoltaic Cell?
- Photovoltaic Cell Characteristics
- Construction of Photovoltaic Cell
- Working of Photovoltaic Cell
- Types of Photovoltaic Cell
- Generations of Photovoltaic Cell
- Application of Photovoltaic Cells