Courts in India

The Indian judiciary upholds the body of law derived from the British colonial legacy, which is based on documented court precedents. The Supreme Court of India, the High Courts, and the District, Municipal, and Village Courts make up the Indian judicial system. India’s judiciary is regarded as a hybrid of autonomous and integrated judiciaries.

Supreme Court

It was founded on January 28, 1950, and it is the highest court in the state. It is the highest court of appeal and hears both initial lawsuits and appeals against High Court rulings. The Chief Justice of India and other judges chosen by the parliament make up the Supreme Court. Articles 124 to 147 of the Indian Constitution define the Supreme Court’s authority.

High Court

At the state level, the High Courts have the most judicial power. The High Courts’ authority is outlined in Article 214. There are 25 High Courts in India. Only when the State’s inferior courts are unable to hear the case do the High Courts have civil or criminal jurisdiction. Additionally, appeals from subordinate courts may be heard by the High Courts. The Chief Justice of India, the Chief Justice of the High Court, and the Governor of the State shall consult before the President of India appoints the judges of the High Court.

District Court

Depending on the volume of cases and population density, state governments in India formed district courts for each district or group of districts. The High Courts directly manage the District Courts, and they are bound by their rulings. Each district typically has two different sorts of courts: civil and criminal. District Judges preside over district courts. Based on a caseload, additional district judges and assistant district judges may be appointed. The High Court hears appeals against decisions rendered by the District Court.

Role of Judiciary in India: The administrative system in India is guided by three pillars- Legislature, Executives, and Judiciary. There is an independent judiciary in India and other organs of the government are not allowed to interfere with the functioning of the system of judiciary. The judiciary plays a very important role in ensuring that both legislature and the executive do not exceed their constitutional boundaries and also preventing arbitrary exercise of powers. The Constitution of India guarantees that the judiciary remains independent of the influence of the legislature as well as the executive.

This article will help us to understand the hierarchy of courts in India and also its jurisdiction, powers as well and functions of different courts and also highlight certain hurdles that are faced presently by the judicial system.