Dicotyledonous Root

The internal structure of the dicot root shows the zones mentioned below:

Epidermis

The epidermis has thin-walled, living cells with no intercellular spaces, known as Epiblema. Cells of epiblema protrude out in the form of epidermal root hairs.

Cortex

The cortex has several layers of thin-walled parenchymal cells. The cortex consists of 3 parts:

• Exodermis: It is composed of 2 to 3 rows of thick-walled suberized cells. It prevents the exit of water from cortical layers.
• General cortex: It is composed of several layers of thin-walled, living, parenchymal cells. It helps in food storage and water conduction.
• Endodermis: It is the innermost layer of the cortex. It comprises a single layer of barrel-shaped cells without intercellular spaces.
  • Radial, as well as tangential walls of endodermal cells, have a deposition of water-impermeable waxy material suberin in the form of Casparian strips.
  • Endodermis forms a watertight jacket around vascular tissue, so also called an internal biological barrier.
  • Some endodermis cells near the protoxylem have no Casparian strips, called passage cells or transfusion cells. They allow radial diffusion of water and minerals through the endodermis.

Stele

All tissues on the inner side of the endodermis such as the pericycle, vascular bundle, and pith.

Pericycle

A few layers of thick-walled parenchymatous cells next to endodermis. It shows active cell division. Initiation of lateral roots and vascular cambium during secondary growth takes place in the pericycle.

Vascular Bundles

Radial vascular bundle (Xylem and phloem). Endarch xylem (xylem is on the inner side). Usually, tetrarch means 4 xylem and phloem patches.

Pith

Pith is small or may be completely absent. The parenchymatous cells which lie between the xylem and phloem cells are called conjunctive tissue.

Flowering plants are also called angiosperms. The anatomy of flowering plants includes the organization of cells and tissues within the bodies of flowering plants. Plants are eukaryotic life forms that are portrayed by their capacity to deliver their own food. They give oxygen, food, and medication to other living creatures. The parts of a flowering plant include roots and shoots. These two frameworks are associated with vascular tissue that runs from the root through the shoot. The underground root growth empowers plants to acquire water and supplements from the dirt. The shoot framework permits plants to duplicate and get food through photosynthesis.

The angiosperms are additionally partitioned into monocotyledon and dicotyledon. Monocots vary from dicots in four particular primary highlights: leaves, stems, roots, and flowers. Plants whose seeds contain 1 cotyledon are called Monocots whereas plants whose seeds contain 2 cotyledons are dicots.