Difference Between Active And Passive Immunity
|
Characteristics |
Active Immunity |
Passive Immunity |
| Mechanism |
Immune response triggered by exposure to antigens (natural infection or vaccination) |
Transfer of pre-formed antibodies or immune cells |
| Source |
Natural (infection) or Artificial (vaccination) |
Maternal antibodies (placenta or breast milk) or Artificial (immune products) |
| Duration |
Long-term protection |
Temporary protection |
| Immune Memory |
Induces immune memory |
Does not induce immune memory |
| Time for Protection |
Takes time to develop an immune response |
Immediate protection |
| Antibody Production |
Antibodies produced by the individual’s immune system |
Pre-formed antibodies are transferred |
| Ability to Respond to Pathogen Variants |
Can adapt and respond to evolving pathogens |
Relies on the transferred antibodies or cells |
| Half-life of Protection |
Lasts for a prolonged period (years to a lifetime) |
Short duration (days to months) |
| Examples |
Recovery from a bacterial infection, vaccination |
Maternal antibodies in newborns, administration of immune globulins or monoclonal antibodies |
Difference Between Active And Passive Immunity
Difference Between Active And Passive Immunity: Active and passive immunity are two distinct mechanisms by which our bodies defend against infections and diseases. Active immunity, as the name suggests, is a proactive response initiated by our immune system. On the other hand, passive immunity takes a different approach, relying on external sources of protection. Both active and Passive immunity helps the organism to fight the disease.