Difference Between Chromosome and Chromatid
The below table lists the difference between chromosomes and chromatids:
Features |
Chromosome |
Chromatid |
---|---|---|
Composition |
Composed of DNA and proteins. |
Two identical copies of a chromosome formed during DNA replication. |
Structure |
Consists of a single DNA molecule—the DNA molecules tightly coiled around histone proteins. |
Single-stranded DNA molecule. These two chromatids make a chromosome. |
Chromosome Count |
Each cell contains a specific number of chromosomes. It can be varied for different species. |
The number of chromatids is double that of chromosomes during cell division. |
Role and Responsibility |
Exists independently. They carry genes for different traits. |
Forms a new chromosome. They carry only identical genetic information. |
Genetic Information |
Transmits the genetic information to the offsprings. |
Segregate the genetic materials during cell division. |
Presence |
Present in both body cells and reproductive cells. |
Present only during cell division. |
Visibility |
Visible under the microscope during cell division. |
Visible only when a chromosome is duplicated and forms a pair. |
Replication Process |
Replication process starts during the S phase. |
Rresult of chromosome replication. |
Genetic material exchange |
Genetic material exchanges during meiosis through processes like crossing over. |
Genetic material exchange between non-sister chromatids during meiosis of cell division. |
Meiosis Phase |
Homologous chromosomes pair during meiosis. |
Non-sister chromatids creates pairs during meiosis. |
Ploidy |
Ploidy is the number of sets of chromosomes presen in a cell. |
Relevant to chromatids during cell division. |
Segregation Process |
Segregate during cell division to ensure each daughter cell receives a complete set or not. |
Segregate during cell division to ensure the genetic continuity. |
Role In Cell Division |
Initiate cell division by aligning and segregating. |
Direct role in the division process, separating and forming individual chromosomes. |
Difference Between Chromosome and Chromatid
Chromosome and Chromatid, both are the major components of DNA replication. A chromosome consists of the genetic material (DNA) and various proteins which is a double-stranded ribbon-like structure. Chromatids are identical copies of chromosomes that form during cell division and duplication. Chromosomes are generally found in the nucleus of a cell. Chromatids are the half of a duplicated chromosome. Two sister chromatids create a complete chromosome.
Table of Content
- Difference Between Chromosome and Chromatid
- What is a Chromosome?
- What is Chromatid?
- Relation Between Chromosome and Chromatid
- FAQs on Chromosome and Chromatid