Diseases

Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP)

Body nerves are the primary target of this disease. This is a neurological disorder. This is not necessary that the symptoms are shown from the start of this disease. Sometimes, the symptoms come back after vanishing for a long time. This disease needs to be cured as soon as it gets diagnosed in the body. In comparison with men and women, this disease is more seen in older adults. This disease is not easily diagnosable. In the U.S. there are approx. 40,000 people with the symptoms but it is not confirmed how many of them are suffering from this disease. 

Symptoms

Pain and numbness of different areas, tiredness, weakness in legs and arms, and reflexes get slow and it is not compulsory that everyone can have the same symptoms. Everyone is diagnosed with different symptoms. For to be sure that the disease is CIDP the symptoms should exist for 8 weeks.

Cause

The exact reason that causes this disease is not known. The reason behind the inflammation of nerve roots and nerves is not known. Due to the inflammation myelin can be destroyed which is the protective covering of nerves. The ability of the nerves to send the signals can be destroyed due to this swelling. Pain, numbness, and weakness are caused by this inflammation and destruction of myelin.

Ganglioneuroma

Autonomic nerve fibers have tumors that start from neural crest sympathogonia which is known as ganglioneuroma. Immature elements are not there in ganglioneuromas, they are fully differentiated neuronal tumors. The most prone area to this tumor is the abdomen but wherever sympathetic nervous tissue is found this tumor can be found there. Neck, posterior mediastinum, adrenal glands, and paraspinal retroperitoneum are the other prone areas to this tumor.

Symptoms

Main symptom is that the organ gets affected where it is developed. Difficulty in breathing, chest pain if the tumor is in the chest, bloating and abdominal pain is seen when the tumor is located in the abdomen, sensation in legs and arms are lost, pain in legs and arms, spinal deformity and spinal compression is seen when the tumor is in the spinal cord or near it. Increased sweating and body hair, high blood pressure, and diarrhea can be seen because due to the tumor some hormones are released which causes all this in the patient.

Cause

Exact cause is still not known and for ganglioneuroma, no risk factor is known. It can be caused by genetic problems like neurofibromatosis type1. Usually, people more than 10 are more prone to this disease. This is a slow growing disease.

Autonomic Neuropathy

Nerves which control the autonomic body functions seem to be damaged then this disease occurs i.e., autonomic neuropathy. Sexual functions, digestion, blood pressure, bladder function, and control of temperature can be disturbed due to autonomic neuropathy. Signals are sent from the brain to areas where autonomic nerves are present that communication channels get disturbed. Mostly, blood vessels, sweat glands, and the heart are the areas that get affected

Symptoms

The nerve which is damaged decides the symptoms for the patient. Sudden fall in blood pressure while standing causes dizziness and fainting. Urinary tract infections can be caused by this disease as the urinary bladder doesn’t get fully empty in this disease. The sensation of a full bladder is lost, bladder control is lost, problems with urination. Loss of appetite, constipation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal blotting, and heartburn can be seen in this disease. 

Cause

It can be caused as a side effect of other diseases including diabetes which is not controlled causes damage to the nerves in the whole body. The organs and the nerves get affected by irregular protein buildup. In cancer drugs are used for treatment, these drugs can cause autonomic neuropathy. Bacterias and viruses like HIV and other which causes Lyme disease and botulism can also cause autonomic neuropathy. The diseases which can be through heredity also cause this disease in an individual.

In all vertebrates and most invertebrate animals, the center of the nervous system is the brain. Location is near the sensory organs i.e., in the head for senses like vision. In the vertebrate’s body, it is the most complex organ. The cerebellum has 55-70 billion neuron and the cerebral cortex have approx. 14-16 billion neurons. One neuron is connected to thousand of other neurons by synapses. Axons are long fibers that are used as a communication tool between all neurons. The signals to recipient cells are carried by these axons. All the organs of an individual are under the control of the brain. By secretion of hormones and by generating signals brain act on the rest of the body. To the changes in the environment, our body reacts through these rapid and coordinated responses. Brain is treated as a biological computer in the modern world. There are similarities between the electronic computer and the brain in the way they collect information from the surrounding and respond according to that and also stores important information.