Effective Nuclear Charge Formula
To calculate effective charge two parameters we need to consider following two factors:
- The total number of protons present in the nucleus (original nuclear charge), which is given by the atomic number (Z) of that element.
- The shielding constant, which accounts for the repulsion between electrons.
Therefore, the mathematical expression for Effective Nuclear Charge is :
Zeff = Z – S
where,
- Zeff is Effective Nuclear Charge
- Z is Number of Proton(Atomic Number)
- S is Number of electrons between Nucleus and the electron for which we have to calculate Zeff
Effective Nuclear Charge
Effective Nuclear Charge measures the net positive charge of nucleus acting on an electron in a multi electron system. It is different from the actual nuclear charge acting between two charged species. This is because there is electron present between nucleus and the electrons in the valence shell which cause repulsion among them countering the attraction of nucleus and electron.
In atomic physics and chemistry, the effective nuclear charge is important in deeper understanding of atomic structure and periodic trends. This article will explore what an effective nuclear charge means, calculate the effective nuclear charge, Slater’s rules, the values of effective nuclear charge, and its trends.
Table of Content
- What is Effective Nuclear Charge?
- Effective Nuclear Charge Formula
- Slater’s Rules
- How to Calculate Effective Nuclear Charge
- Effective Nuclear Charge Periodic Trends