Elements of Map Projection
|
Element |
Description |
|---|---|
|
Reduced Earth |
A scaled-down model of the Earth used for transferring the grid of latitude and longitude lines. |
|
Parallels of Latitude |
Circles parallel to the equator, running around the globe at fixed distances from the poles. |
|
Meridians of Longitude |
Semi-circles running from pole to pole, intersecting at right angles along the Earth’s axis. |
|
Global Property |
Basic properties preserved in map projection: distance between points, shape, size or area, direction. |
1. Reduced Earth: To represent the Earth on a flat sheet of paper, we use a smaller version called the “reduced earth.” This model is like a shrunken sphere, where the length from pole to pole is shorter than the length around the equator. On this model, we can transfer the grid of latitude and longitude lines.
2. Parallels of Latitude: These are circles that run parallel to the equator around the globe. They are at a fixed distance from the poles and lie in planes perpendicular to the Earth’s axis. While they’re not all the same length, they range from points at the poles to the equator. They’re labeled from 0º to 90º, both North and South.
3. Meridians of Longitude: These are semi-circles that run from one pole to the other, intersecting at right angles along the Earth’s axis. Each meridian lies in its own plane. While there’s no single central meridian, the one passing through Greenwich, England, marked as 0° longitude, is often used as a reference for all others.
4. Global Properties: When making a map projection, we aim to preserve certain fundamental properties of the Earth’s surface:
(i) Distance between any two points in a region,
(ii) Shape of the region,
(iii) Size or area of the region accurately, and
(iv) Direction from one point in the region to another.
Related Links
Need and Elements of Map Projection| Class 11 Geography
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Need and Element of Map Projections