Evolution of Cell Wall
In many different species, cell walls developed independently. The cellulose cell walls of the photosynthetic eukaryotes are one of the key factors in the development of multicellularity, territorialization, and vascularization. Because of endosymbiosis, the CesA cellulose synthase originated in cyanobacteria and was later transported into brown algae and oomycetes through secondary endosymbiosis events. Later, as plants developed different genes from CesA, the Csl (cellulose synthase-like) family of proteins and other Ces proteins were among them. In conjunction with other glycosyltransferases (GT), they made it possible to create more intricate chemical structures.
Chitin, glucan, and protein compose the cell wall of fungi. They use homologous 1,3-Beta-glucan synthases from the GT48 family to carry out the task, demonstrating that this enzyme is very old within eukaryotes. They share the 1,3-glucan synthesis pathway with plants. They have several mannose-rich glycoproteins. It’s possible that the cell wall developed to prevent viral infections. Proteins that are lodged in cell walls can undergo homologous recombination and are varied, and included in tandem repeats. Another possibility is that the fungi initially had a cell wall made of chitin and later gained the GT-48 enzymes for 1,3-glucans through horizontal gene transfer. In either scenario, the mechanism leading to 1,6-glucan production is not sufficiently understood.
Cell Wall
Cell wall is the non-living material that protects a cell’s outermost layer. It might be firm, elastic, or periodically rigid. It serves as a filtration system as well as structural support and protection for the cell. Cell walls are absent in many eukaryotes, including animals, but they are present in some of them, such as fungi, algae, plants, and most prokaryotes with the exception of mollicute bacteria. In this article, we will study the Cell wall, its composition, structure, and cell wall function.
Table of Content
- Cell Wall Definition
- What is a Cell Wall?
- Cell Wall Diagram
- Evolution of Cell Wall
- Cell Wall Structure
- Cell Wall Function
- Differences between the Cell Wall and Cell Membrane