Factor affecting Acceleration due to Gravity

  • Shape of Earth: It is known that the shape of the earth is not spherical it’s quite oval so the gravitational force is different at different places.
  • The force of attraction is maximum at the pole of the earth approximately 9.82 m/s2 as the radius of the earth is minimum at the pole. While the force of gravitation is minimum at the equator of the earth at approximately 9.78 m/s2 as the radius of the earth is maximum at the equator
  • Altitude: When a body moves away from the surface of the earth the force of attraction decreases as the distance between the earth and the body increases.
  • Depth: When a body is put inside the earth’s surface the acceleration due to gravity becomes less.

Acceleration due to Gravity

Acceleration due to gravity (or acceleration of gravity) or gravity acceleration is the acceleration caused by the gravitational force of attraction of large bodies. As we know that the term acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity with respect to a given time. Scientists like Sir Isaac Newton and Lord Henry Cavendish soon discovered that this increase in speed, or acceleration, was caused by a different force known as gravity by studying objects falling to the Earth in a variety of circumstances.

According to definitions, gravity is a force that pulls objects toward the center of mass, like the Earth. Conversely, acceleration describes how an object’s velocity or speed changes over time. Hence, the value of acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2 on earth.

Table of Content

  • What is Acceleration due to Gravity?
  • Acceleration due to Gravity Formula
  • Units of Acceleration due to Gravity
  • Derivation for the formula of acceleration due to gravity
  • Calculation of the Value of Acceleration due to Gravity 
  • Factor affecting Acceleration due to Gravity
  • Effects on g due to Height (h)
  • Effects on g due to Depth D
  • Effects on g due to Shape of Earth 
  • Effects on g due to the Rotation


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What is Acceleration due to Gravity?

Acceleration due to Gravity is defined as the acceleration attained by an object due to the gravitational force of attraction. When a body is fallen toward the earth it experiences a change in its acceleration due to the gravitational pull (or force) of the Earth. This acceleration is called acceleration due to gravity. This is the acceleration that is attained by an object due to gravitational force....

Acceleration due to Gravity Formula

Mathematically, the acceleration due to gravity is directly proportional to the mass of the object and inversely proportional to the distance from the center of mass, so given as:...

Units of Acceleration due to Gravity

The SI unit of Acceleration due to Gravity is m/s2.The CGS unit of g is cm/s2.And the dimensional formula of Acceleration due to Gravity is [ML0T-2]....

Derivation for the formula of acceleration due to gravity

According to the second law of motion: F = ma But, in case of a free-falling body, the force is equal to the product of the mass of the body and acceleration due to gravity. F = mg        ……(1) But, according to the universal law of gravitation: [Tex]F_G=\dfrac{GMm}{d^2}   [/Tex]      ……(2) Now, from the equation (1) and (2), [Tex]mg=\dfrac{Gm_1m_2}{d^2}[/Tex] Consider for an ideal case the object is placed near to earth therefore the distance between earth and object will be radius of earth, so replace d with r and rearranging the above expression for g as: [Tex]\begin{aligned}mg&=\dfrac{GMm}{r^2}\\g&=\dfrac{GM}{r^2}\end{aligned}[/Tex]...

Calculation of the Value of Acceleration due to Gravity

The acceleration due to gravity is stated as: [Tex]g=\dfrac{GM}{r^2}[/Tex] Here, substitute 6.67 × 10-11 Nm2 kg-2 for G, 6 × 1024 kg for M and 6.4 × 106 m for r in the above expression to calculate g at the surface of Earth. [Tex]\begin{aligned}g&=\dfrac{6.67\times10^{-11}\text{ N.m}^2/\text{ kg}^2\times6\times 10^{24}\text{ kg}}{\left(6.4\times10^6\text m\right)^2}\\&=9.8\text{ ms}^{-2}\end{aligned}[/Tex] Hence, the value of acceleration due to gravity on the surface of Earth is 9.8 m/s2....

Factor affecting Acceleration due to Gravity

Shape of Earth: It is known that the shape of the earth is not spherical it’s quite oval so the gravitational force is different at different places. The force of attraction is maximum at the pole of the earth approximately 9.82 m/s2 as the radius of the earth is minimum at the pole. While the force of gravitation is minimum at the equator of the earth at approximately 9.78 m/s2 as the radius of the earth is maximum at the equatorAltitude: When a body moves away from the surface of the earth the force of attraction decreases as the distance between the earth and the body increases.Depth: When a body is put inside the earth’s surface the acceleration due to gravity becomes less....

Effects on g due to Height (h)

Consider an object (of mass m) P at a height h from the surface of the earth, R be the radius of the earth as shown in the figure below:...

Effects on g due to Depth D

Consider an object (of mass m) P at a depth d from the surface of the earth, R be the radius of the earth as shown in the figure below:...

Effects on g due to Shape of Earth

The radius of the earth, an oblate spheroid, is greater towards the equator than it is farther from the poles. The acceleration caused by gravity changes with latitude due to the shape of the earth since it is inversely proportional to the square of the earth’s radius for a given mass....

Effects on g due to the Rotation

The variation in g is due to the centrifugal force acting on the rotation of the earth. When the earth is rotating, all the objects tend to experience a centrifugal force that won’t act in the direction of gravity....

Acceleration due to Gravity-FAQs

What do you mean by Acceleration due to Gravity?...