FAQ on Excretory Disorders

Question 1: What is acute renal failure? 

Answer:

Acute renal failure is normally adjustable and usual renal functioning can be brought back and the patient has to go through systematic dialysis.

Question 2: Which disease is most commonly associated with renal acute failure? 

Answer:

Uraemia is most commonly associated with renal acute failure.

Question 3: Define haemodialysis. 

Answer:

Haemodialysis utilize the procedure of diffusion over a semipermeable membrane to detach undesirable, poisonous material from the blood while attaching desirable elements. 

Question 4: What is an artificial kidney? 

Answer: 

A dialysis machine or artificial kidney is attached to the patient’s body. It is worked in the case of uraemia ( blood with excess urea ). In this, blood from an artery of the patient is redirected by dialysing membrane afterwards it to 0° C and intermixing with an anticoagulant ( heparin ).

Question 5: What are calculi? 

Answer:  

Renal calculus also called a renal stone includes the development of solid stone-like masses in renal tubules or renal pelvis mostly because of the collection of insoluble crystals of salts such as sodium oxalates and a few phosphates. These give rise to serious hurting circumstances called renal colic.

Animals by metabolic activities collect ammonia, urea, uric acid, carbon dioxide, water and ions such as Na⁺, K⁺, Cl^–, phosphate, sulphate, etc. These substances need to be removed. Nitrogenous wastes such as ammonia, urea, and uric acid are excreted by the animals. Ammonia is more destructive than uric acid. Hence, ammonia needs a large amount of water and uric acid needs less amount of water for its elimination. Ammonotelism is the procedure of excreting ammonia. Numerous bony fishes, aquatic amphibians, and aquatic insects are ammonotelic in nature. Ammonia is normally excreted by diffusion across body surfaces or through gill surfaces (in fishes) as ammonium ions because ammonia is willingly soluble. For its removal, kidneys do not play any remarkable role. Terrestrial conversation required the manufacturing of lesser destructive nitrogenous wastes such as urea and uric acid in order of conserving water. Mammals, numerous terrestrial amphibians, and marine fishes mostly excrete urea and are called Ureotelic animals. Ammonia manufactured by metabolism is changed into urea in the liver of these animals and free into the blood, which is purified and excreted out by the kidneys. Some quantity of urea possibly continued in the kidney matrix of some of these animals to keep a wanted osmolarity. Reptiles, birds, land snails, and insects excrete nitrogenous wastes as uric acid in the shape of pellets or paste with a minimal loss of water and are called uricotelic animals.