Biotechnology and Its Applications
Q1: Biopiracy should be avoided. Describe how and why.
Answer:
Biopiracy needs to be stopped because the involved nations and people do not receive a sufficient amount of compensation. Additionally, the nations/people lose the ability to cultivate and conduct breeding studies to enhance other types of the same species. The introduction of particular rules that address all issues linked to biopatents and biopiracy may be used to prevent it.
Q2: Mention any two advantages that came from transgenic animals
Answer:
- They are used as models for researching human ailments.
- They generate valuable biological products by introducing a fragment of a gene that codes for a specific product, such as human protein a-1-antitrypsin, which is used to treat emphysema.
Q3: Identify the insect that consumes cotton bolls. Describe how Bacillus thuringiensis works to protect the cotton crop from pests and enhance productivity.
Answer:
The Bt toxin protein exists as an inactive protoxin in bacteria, but once an insect consumes this toxin, it becomes activated due to the alkaline pH of the gut, which dissolves the crystals. The activated toxin attaches to the surface of midgut epithelial cells, creating pores that cause cell swelling and lysis, resulting in the insect’s death. Several crop plants have been modified to incorporate specific Bt toxin genes that are insect-group specific, with the toxin being encoded by a gene named cry.
CBSE Class 12 Biology Biotechnology And Its Application Revision Notes
CBSE Class 12 Chapter 10 Biotechnology and Its Applications: Biotechnology refers to the production of biopharmaceuticals and biologicals on a large scale, which involves using genetically modified organisms such as microbes, fungi, plants, and animals. Biotechnology has various applications, including producing therapeutics, diagnostics, genetically modified crops, processed food, bioremediation, waste treatment, and energy production. Biotechnology has three key research areas: improving the catalyst as an organism or enzyme, engineering the ideal conditions for the catalyst to act, and developing downstream processing technologies for purifying proteins or organic compounds. In this article, we will discuss the CBSE Class 12 Chapter 10 Biotechnology and Its Applications.