Morphology of Flowering Plants

What are Flowering Plants?

Flowering plants, also known as angiosperms, are a diverse group of plants. There are approximately over 300,000 species of flowering plants on Earth. Flowering plants are characterized by the presence of flowers and seeds enclosed within a fruit. They represent the most abundant and widespread group of plants on Earth. Flowering plants include a variety of species ranging from small herbs to tall trees. Unlike non-flowering plants like ferns and mosses, flowering plants have specialized reproductive structures called flowers, which attract pollinators and facilitate sexual reproduction....

Morphology of Flowering Plants

The morphology of flowering plants shows that it is made up of two system – a root system and a shoot system. The detailed morphology of flowering plants is discussed below:...

Root System of Flowering Plants

A root is the underground part of a plant that typically grows downward into the soil. The root arises from radicle. Its main functions are to anchor the plant, absorb water and nutrients from the soil, and store food reserves. The different branches of root form root system which varies in monocots and dicots. The different types of root system are:...

Shoot System

The shoot system of a plant refers to the above-ground part of plant that is responsible for photosynthesis, reproduction, and support. It includes stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits. The shoot system plays a crucial role in the plant’s growth, development, and interaction with the environment. The shoot arises from the plumule of seed....

Leaves of Flowering Plants

The leaf is a flattened structure borne on the stem. Leaves develope at the node and bear a bud in its axil. Later, the axillary bud develops into a branch. Leaves originate from the shoot apical meristem and are arranged in an acropetal order, making them the most important vegetative organs for photosynthesis. A typical leaf consists of three main parts: the leaf base, petiole, and lamina. The leaf attaches to the stem through the leaf base and may bear two lateral small leaf-like structures called stipules....

The Flower

The flower is the reproductive unit in angiosperms, comprising of four distinct whorls arranged successively on the end of the pedicle known as the thalamus. These whorls are the calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium. While the calyx and corolla serve as accessory organs, the androecium and gynoecium function as reproductive organs. In certain flowers like the lily, the calyx and corolla are distinct and collectively referred to as the perianth. When a flower possesses both androecium and gynoecium, it is termed bisexual; however, if it contains only stamens, it is considered unisexual....

Seeds of Flowering Plants

Seeds are essential for the reproduction of plants. They contain all the necessary components for the development of a new plant....

Conclusion – Morphology of Flowering Plants

In conclusion, flowering plants, or angiosperms, constitute a vast and diverse group of plants, numbering over 300,000 species worldwide. Distinguished by the presence of flowers and seeds enclosed within fruits, they are the most abundant and widespread plants on Earth, ranging from small herbs to towering trees. Unlike non-flowering plants like ferns and mosses, angiosperms possess specialized reproductive structures called flowers, essential for sexual reproduction and attracting pollinators. The morphology of flowering plants reveals a sophisticated system comprising root and shoot systems, each with distinctive adaptations and functions....

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