Functions of Astrocyte
The various fucntions of astrocytes are discussed below:
Structural Support
Astrocytes provide structural support to the neurons and other important cells in the CNS structure. It forms the scaffold structure network to maintain the CNS and also contributes to maintaining the structural integrity of the brain as well.
Regulation of Extracellular Environment
Astrocytes play a major role in the process of regulating extracellular environments by maintaining the balance of different ions, pH levels, and neurotransmitter concentrations in the CNS.
Metabolic Support
Astrocytes supply different energy substitutes to the neurons which are produced through the process of glycolysis and astrocytic metabolism. They also store the glycogen and provide it to the neurons for energy production through the metabolic intermediates.
Neurovascular Coupling
It is a process where the neuronal activity is matched with the local blood flow. In this process, the astrocytes release the vasoactive substances to regulate the blood vessel diameter through calcium signaling. The process ensures that the active parts of the brain receive an adequate amount of oxygen.
Immune Response and Neuroprotection
Astrocytes also respond to immune challenges by releasing cytokines and chemokines. They majorly contribute to initiating the immune response in the CNS which can modulate the activity of microglia which is a resident immune cell. On the other hand, astrocytes play an important role in the process of clearing the extra amount of neurotransmitters that can harm the neurons.
Read More: 10 Amazing Facts About the Brain
Astrocyte
Astrocytes are a type of glial cell that makes up the major cells of the human central nervous system (CNS). Astrocyte cells can be found in both gray, and white matter of the brain, spinal cord, and neurons. Understanding the Astrocyte structure and function helps in understanding their role in supporting neuronal health and communication within the brain. In this article, we will cover astrocytes in detail.
Table of Content
- Astrocyte
- Structure of Astrocyte
- Cell Body of Astrocyte
- Astrocyte Endfeet
- Intermediate Filaments and Gap Function
- Diagram of Astrocyte
- Location of the Astrocyte
- Types of Astrocyte
- Functions of Astrocyte
- Astrocytes vs Oligodendrocytes
- Schwann Cell and Astrocyte