Functions of Nephron

The diagram of nephron shows the structure clearly. Now, let’s discuss the functions of nephron:

• Filtration: Filters blood plasma, allowing small molecules like proteins and waste products into renal tubules while retaining larger molecules in the bloodstream.
• Reabsorption: Reabsorbs water, glucose, amino acids, and ions back into the bloodstream, ensuring their retention.
• Secretion: Excretes waste products and excess ions into renal tubules for urine excretion, maintaining electrolyte balance and pH.
• Concentration and Dilution: Helps in urine concentration or dilution to regulate water balance and osmolarity.
• Blood Pressure Regulation: Modulates water and ion reabsorption to regulate blood volume and blood pressure.
• Acid-Base Balance: Regulates pH by selectively secreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate ions.
• Hormone Production: Produces hormones like renin and erythropoietin for blood pressure and red blood cell regulation.
• Gluconeogenesis: Produces glucose from precursors during fasting or low carbohydrate intake, aiding in blood glucose maintenance.

Also Read: Parturition

A diagram of nephrons helps us to understand their structure and function. The nephron consists of a renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule. The diagram of the nephron in kidney shows that the blood enters the nephron through the afferent arteriole and exits through the efferent arteriole. The diagram of nephron class 10 is an important concept frequently asked in the examinations.

The labeled diagram of nephron is given below: