Functions of Stem

  • It holds fruits, flowers, and leaves in place.
  • The stem enables the leaves to position themselves so they can receive direct sunlight and effectively carry out photosynthesis. Gas exchange is also made possible by the arrangement and positioning of leaves.
  • The vascular bundles of stems include the xylem and phloem, which transport water and minerals throughout the plant.
  • Flowers and fruits are carried on stems in a way that promotes pollination, fertilization, and seed dispersal.
  • To hold food and water, some stems are modified. Think about succulents.

Morphology of Stem of Angiosperms

Nodes and internodes, the two key elements, are shown by the morphology of stems. Internodes are the spaces between nodes, which are where a plant bears leaves. Phyllotaxis is the study of how leaves are arranged on stems. Thus, one leaf per node is referred to as a spiral arrangement in phyllotaxy, while one leaf per node with a 180-degree divergence is the alternate layout. The opposite pattern is referred to as having two leaves per node, and a whorled arrangement is referred to as having more than two leaves per node.

Stem – Characteristics and Functions

The scientific field of morphology is concerned with the examination of the composition, traits, and forms of living things. Despite the great structural variation that amazes us in flowering plants (Angiosperms), they all have a few things in common. Examples include roots, stalks, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. As a result, all angiosperm plant morphologies may share these five characteristics. However, if you look closely at a plant, you’ll note that they always have root and shoot systems, and within them, the plant may or may not have flowers and fruit. Plant morphology helps us understand its complex components. Angiosperms, or flowering plants, are plants that produce flowers. The plant has 5 main parts, i.e., roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. These parts perform different functions in their own way. Let’s have a glance over the part “the stem”.

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Stem

The plant’s stem is a crucial component as well. The portion of the plant axis that is ascending is what produces the branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits, as well as aids in mineral and water conduction. It is the plant’s aerial part, formed from the plumule of an embryo or germination of seeds. Initially, green, young stems gradually grow brown and woody. The stem can take on a variety of shapes depending on its purpose....

Characteristics of Stem

The stem develops from the embryo’s plumule and epicotyl. The erect stem extends away from the ground in the direction of the light. There is a terminal bud at the stem’s tip. Angiosperm shoots are separated into internodes and nodes. Young stems are green and photosynthetic. Multicellular hair can be seen. The stems and branches of mature plants yield fruits and flowers....

Functions of Stem

It holds fruits, flowers, and leaves in place. The stem enables the leaves to position themselves so they can receive direct sunlight and effectively carry out photosynthesis. Gas exchange is also made possible by the arrangement and positioning of leaves. The vascular bundles of stems include the xylem and phloem, which transport water and minerals throughout the plant. Flowers and fruits are carried on stems in a way that promotes pollination, fertilization, and seed dispersal. To hold food and water, some stems are modified. Think about succulents....

Structure of Stem

Nodes and internodes are formed in the stem. The nodes support the buds that develop into branches and leaves. Two nodes are divided by internodes. Internally, it consists of three fundamental tissue types: vascular, dermal, and ground tissues, all of which are composed of simple cells....

Modifications of Stem

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Aerial Stem Modifications

The aerial stem is a stem that grows vertically or erect above the earth. The two types of aerial stems are reduced stems and erect stems. Aerial stem modifications serve a variety of unique purposes, including climbing, food storage, plant protection, and vegetative propagation. The aerial stem can be modified in 6 different ways....

Subaerial Stem Modification

In a stem of this kind, a portion of the stem remains underground while the other portion develops aerial roots. On the stem, a dormant bud becomes active and forms lateral branches for vegetative reproduction....

Underground Stem Modification

Underground stems are, as their name suggests, stems that emerge from the ground. Most of these stems aid in reproduction, permanency, and the storage of food, water, or minerals. These include, but are not limited to, corms, rhizomes, bulbs, and tubers....

FAQs on The Stem

Question 1: What are the main functions of the stem?...