Homologous Series
A homologous series is a set of organic compounds that each include a distinct functional group and differ from one another in the molecular formula by the a-CH2-(methylene) group.
Individual series members are referred to as homologs, and they can be represented by a generic molecular formula. Homologs are ordered in increasing order of molecular mass in homologous series.
The General molecular formula is, CnH2n + 1 (Functional group)
For Example, the homologous series of alcohol is
Member |
Name |
---|---|
CH3OH |
Methyl alcohol |
C2H5OH |
Ethyl alcohol |
C3H7OH |
Propyl alcohol |
C4H9OH |
Butyl alcohol |
Note: Ethyl alcohol is higher homologous of methyl alcohol but a lower homolog of propyl alcohol
Characteristics of Homologous Series
The following are the characteristics of homologous series:
- The same general formula may be used to express homologs.
- Homologs are members of the same functional group.
- Because the consecutive components’ chemical formulas change by -CH2-group, their molecular weights differ by 14 units.
- Homologs can be synthesized using comparable chemical processes.
- Homologs have chemical characteristics that are identical.
- Physical characteristics such as melting point, boiling temperature, density, solubility, and so on vary across homologs.
Classification of Organic Compounds
Organic compounds are defined as chemical compounds which contain carbon atoms linked with other elements through simple covalent bonds. These elements could be connected by single covalent bonds, double covalent bonds, or triple covalent bonds. In other words, we can say that all organic compounds contain carbon as their central atom. We must note that all compounds containing carbon are not considered organic compounds, such as carbonates(-CO3), bicarbonates(-HCO3), etc are carbon-containing compounds but not organic. Whereas we can say with surety that all organic compounds contain carbon atoms but vice versa is not true.
In this article, we will learn about organic compounds and their various classification based on bonds, functional groups, and structure. As there are millions of organic compounds and studying them individually is not possible. Therefore, the classification of organic compounds is required. So, let’s start learning about Organic Compounds and their classification.