How were Fundamental Duties Added?
Fundamental duties were not present in the Indian Constitution since its inception. They were added during the Prime Ministership of Indira Gandhi through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment in 1975, also regarded as the Mini Constitution due to introducing a plethora of new laws and policies. They were borrowed from the erstwhile USSR Constitution. Originally, 10 Fundamental duties were added to the constitution based upon the Swaran Singh Committee’s recommendations.
Later, the 11th fundamental duty was added through the 86th Constitutional Amendment, which provided for providing educational opportunities to children between 6 to 14 years. Thus in total, there are 11 fundamental duties in India.