Hydrological Investigations

Hydrological investigations are very important in the evaluation of groundwater potentially in any area. It also involves the study of the following,

Water Table

In any area, the study and evaluation of the depth of the static water level in a number of wells and bore Wells offer useful information about the relative place, nature of the water table slope, and the expected direction of groundwater flow, which is subjected to the hydraulic gradient, in the area connected.

Surface water bodies

This study refers to the existence of networks of streams, ponds, lakes, reservoirs etc. in the area. The presence of surface water bodies is desirable as they may act as sources of percolating or groundwater recharge.

Springs and Seepages

The occurrence of natural seepages and springs in an area reveals a high water table position and rich groundwater conditions. Any placement of springs reveals faults, which contributes to rich groundwater occurrence.

Quality of water

It is essential to identify whether groundwater is potable or not. Normally, the groundwater Tate’s good when drawn from granite but the groundwater is blackish when drawn creating health problems(such as fluorosis)when drawn from rocks such as pegmatites, which are rich in fluorine-bearing minerals(mica and apatite).

Rainfall, Climate, etc.

Areas having good rainfall and a humid climate will have a good ground water potential whereas the areas with little rainfall and arid climate will have low ground water potential.

Pumping Tests

Pumping tests are very important for identifying the yield features of the aquifer concerned. The rates of drawdown records during pumping indicate the required information.

Geological, Geophysical, and Hydrological investigations are used to estimate the physical characteristics of the subsurface by measuring, analyzing, and interpreting seismic, electromagnetic, gravitational, and magnetic fields estimated at the ground surface.

Following are the different methods that are used for groundwater exploration.

1. Geological Investigations
2. Geophysical Investigations
3. Hydrological Investigations