Jizya
Hindus were subjected to the Jizya tax. The jizya tax has traditionally been understood in Islam as a fee for the Muslim ruler’s protection of non-Muslims, for non-Muslims’ exemption from military service, for the permission to practice a non-Muslim faith with some communal autonomy in a Muslim state, and as material proof of non-Muslims’ submission to the Muslim state and its laws. The jizya was abolished in 1579 by Akbar, the third Mughal emperor. Many Hindu rulers and Mughal court officials were outraged when Aurangzeb choose to re-impose jizya on non-Muslim subjects instead of military duty in 1679.
Types of Taxes of Delhi Sultanate
The revenue system of the Delhi Sultanate was founded on the Hanafi school of thought’s taxation doctrine, which regulated the imposition of taxes such as Zakat, Kharaj, Khams, and Jizya. The government began collecting land revenue directly under Alauddin Khalji. As a result, the local chieftains’ rights to collect taxes were revoked, and they were also forced to pay taxes. Taxes on cultivation, known as ‘kharaj,‘ accounted for nearly half of the peasants’ produce, tax on animals, and tax on dwellings. This article will look more at taxes levied during the sultanate period and on kharaj.