Linux Kernel
Android was created on the open-source kernel of Linux. One main reason for choosing this kernel was that it provided proven core features on which to develop the Android operating system. The features of the Linux kernel are:
1. Security: The Linux kernel handles the security between the application and the system.
2. Memory Management: It efficiently handles memory management thereby providing the freedom to develop our apps.
3. Process Management: It manages the process well and allocates resources to processes whenever they need them.
4. Network Stack: It effectively handles network communication.
5. Driver Model: It ensures that the application works. Hardware manufacturers can build their drivers into the Linux build.
Android System Architecture
The Android software stack generally consists of a Linux kernel and a collection of C/C++ libraries that are exposed through an application framework that provides services, and management of the applications and run time.