Methods of Irrigation
Irrigation methods can be of 2 types on the basis of how the irrigation process takes place.
- Traditional Methods of Irrigation
- Modern Methods of Irrigation
Traditional Methods of Irrigation
In the traditional method, irrigation is done by man’s force or with the help of animals. A farmer takes water from wells or canals by hand or with the help of livestock and transports it to farming areas. At different places, this procedure may differ that is according to geographic, climatic, and cultural conditions. The key benefit of this method is its low cost. However, productivity is low, as there is more water loss and uneven distribution of water. Pulley systems, lever systems, and chain pumps are examples of traditional systems. The pump system is the most commonly used method.
Modern Methods of Irrigation
The current method compensates for the shortcomings of traditional systems. It improved water efficiency, crop productivity, and sustainability. This method utilizes modern equipment, technology approaches to optimize water distribution. Sprinkler and drip systems are utilized in a current manner.
Sprinkler System
A sprinkler system distributes water over the crop to ensure even distribution. In areas where water is scarce, this method is highly recommended. A pump connected to pressure-generating pipes sprays water through the nozzles of pipes.
Drip System
The drip system delivers water to the roots one drop at a time through a hose or pipe. This approach can also be employed in areas where there is a scarcity of water.
Comparison of Traditional Irrigation vs Modern Irrigation
The difference between Traditional and Modern Irrigation are as follows:
| Features | Traditional Irrigation | Modern Irrigation |
|---|---|---|
| Methods used | Furrow, basin, flood, manual | Drip, sprinkler, center pivot, etc. |
| Water Efficiency | Less efficient, more wastage | Highly efficient, minimal wastage |
| Labor Intensity | Labor-intensive | Less labor-intensive and automated |
| Precision | Less precise and uneven water distribution | Precise and uniform distribution |
| Water Conservation | Results in higher water wastage | Focuses on water conservation |
| Sustainability | This can lead to soil degradation | Sustainable use of water |
| Equipment and Technology | Relies on basic tools and methods | Utilizes advanced equipment, and technology. |
| Environmental Impact | Can cause waterlogging and salinization | Minimizes environmental impact |
| Crop Yield | Irregular and low yield | High and stable yields |
| Maintenance | Easy to maintain |
Complicated to maintain, and requires updated technology. |
Irrigation: Meaning, Types, Methods and Importance
Irrigation: Irrigation is the artificial and controlled application of water to soil, plants, or agricultural fields in order to meet their water needs. It ensures optimal moisture levels for plant growth, increases crop yield and sustains agricultural activities in regions with inadequate or unpredictable rainfall. India has the world’s largest irrigated land, with around 85 percent of total irrigation potential currently developed.