Microwave Propagation and Path Losses
When the signal propagates even a slight directional LOS link’s beam can cause losses in Transmission. These losses are known as path losses.
- Free space path loss (FSL) is typically the greatest portion of path loss. It is the effect of the signal spreading out as it propagates from the transmitting antenna. These losses are directly proportional to the link’s distance and signal frequency. When these two increase the path loss increases.
- Atmospheric absorption: Both oxygen and water vapor present in the air attenuate the microwave signals. When the link length increases the loss increases.
- Diffraction: Diffraction is yet another cause of path losses.
Microwave Transmission
Microwave is a part of the electromagnetic Spectrum. Their frequency ranges from 300 MHz to 300 GHz, which corresponds to wavelengths of 1 mm to 30 cm. Sending and receiving information by microwaves is known as Microwave Transmission. Microwaves come under Unguided or wireless transmission media.
The repeaters form a network known as a microwave relay network. But these systems are used only in special roles as they are very expensive. These technologies such as wireless networks, and broadcast satellites broadcast television and radio directly into consumers’ houses. Microwaves can also be used for wireless power transmission.