NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Chapter 05
Q1: The kidneys in human beings are a part of the system for:
- Nutrition
- Respiration
- Excretion
- Transportation
Answer:
The major function of the kidneys is to remove waste products and excess fluid from the body. These waste products and excess fluid are removed through the urine. The production of urine involves highly complex steps of excretion and re-absorption. So, the correct option is c) Excretion.
Q2: The xylem in plants is responsible for:
- Transport of water
- Transport of food
- Transport of amino acids
- Transport of oxygen
Answer:
Xylem is the tissue of vascular plants that transports water and nutrients from the soil to the stems and leaves. Hence, the correct option is a) Transport of water.
Q3: The autotrophic mode of nutrition requires:
- Carbon dioxide & water
- Chlorophyll
- Sunlight
- All of the above
Answer:
Autotrophic nutrition is the type of nutrition where organisms synthesize their own food. They are called producers in the ecosystem. They use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to synthesize food. So, the correct option is d) all of the above.
Q4: The breakdown of pyruvate to give carbon dioxide, water, and energy takes place in
- Cytoplasm
- Mitochondria
- Chloroplast
- Nucleus
Answer:
The breakdown of pyruvate in order to generate carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the presence of oxygen is known as aerobic respiration. It mainly occurs in the eukaryotic cells when they have oxygen in sufficient amounts and it takes place in the Mitochondria. So, the correct answer is b) Mitochondria.
Q5: How are fats digested in our bodies? Where does this take place?
Answer:
The process of fat digestion involves a series of steps that begin the moment food enters the mouth. Here’s a look at the process from beginning to end:
- Mouth: The digestion process begins when we start chewing our food. Our teeth break the food into smaller pieces, and saliva moistens the food so that it’s easier for it to move through the esophagus and into the stomach. Saliva also contains enzymes that begin breaking down the fat in our food.
- Esophagus: When we swallow, a series of muscle contractions called peristalsis moves the food through our esophagus and into our stomach.
- Stomach: Our stomach lining produces acids and enzymes that break down our food further so that the foods can pass to the small intestine.
- Small intestine: The majority of fat digestion happens in the small intestine. This is also where the majority of nutrients are absorbed. Pancreas produces enzymes that break down fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Our liver produces bile that helps us digest fats and certain vitamins. This bile is stored in the gallbladder. These digestive juices are delivered to our small intestine through ducts where it all works together to complete the fat breakdown.
Q6: What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food?
Answer:
Saliva contains special enzymes that help digest the starches in our food. An enzyme called amylase breaks down starches (complex carbohydrates) into sugars, which our body can more easily absorb. Saliva also contains an enzyme called lingual lipase, which breaks down fats.
Q7: What are the necessary conditions for autotrophic nutrition and what are its by-products?
Answer:
Autotrophic nutrition takes place through the process of photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll pigment, and sunlight are the necessary conditions required for autotrophic nutrition. Carbohydrates (food) and O2 are the by-products of photosynthesis.
CO2 + H2O ——-› C6H12O6 + O2
Q8: What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Name some organisms that use the anaerobic mode of respiration’
Answer:
Aerobic Respiration
Anaerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration takes place in the presence of oxygen Anaerobic respiration takes place in the absence of oxygen Carbon dioxide and water are the end products of aerobic respiration Alcohol is the end product of anaerobic respiration. Chemical Equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (as ATP) Chemical equation: C6H12O6 → 2C3H6O3 + Energy Releases more energy than anaerobic respiration. Releases less energy than aerobic respiration. This occurs in many plants and animals Occurs in human muscle cells, bacteria, etc. Some organisms that use the anaerobic mode of respiration are Yeast, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Bacteroides, and Protozoans.
Q9: How are the alveoli designed to maximize the exchange of gases?
Answer:
Some of the primary features of alveoli that enable the exchange of gases are listed below:
- Large surface area: Lungs have several alveoli. The shape of these alveoli further enhances the surface area.
- Thin walls: One cell’s thick alveolar walls give a short distance for the gases to diffuse through.
- Permeable walls: The permeable walls enable the gases to pass-through
- Moist walls: The dissolution of gases in the moisture helps them to pass across the gas exchange surface.
Q10: What would be the consequences of a deficiency of hemoglobin in our bodies?
Answer:
A deficiency of hemoglobin in the human body will result in anemia. Hemoglobin is present in red blood cells which carry oxygen to cells of the body. A decrease in its amount will result in a decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood leading to breathlessness and fatigue.
Q11: Describe double circulation in human beings. Why is it necessary?
Answer:
Double circulation describes the fact that blood flows twice in the heart before it completes one full round. One is pulmonary circulation and the other is systemic circulation.
- Pulmonary circulation starts from the pulmonary artery which divides into two branches that enter the respective lungs. Pulmonary veins collect the oxygenated blood from the lungs and carry it back to the left auricle of the heart.
- Systemic circulation starts with the aorta that arises from the left ventricle. The aorta arches back and continues behind as aorta. The aorta sends arteries to various parts of the body and tissues. From there, blood is collected by veins and sent back to the heart.
This type of double circulation is necessary for human beings to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood as this enhances the efficiency of cellular respiration in humans and consequently helps in maintaining a constant body temperature.
Q12: What are the differences between the transport of materials in the xylem and phloem?
Answer:
Transport of material in Xylem
Transport of material in Xylem
The xylem supplies water from the roots to the stem and leaves. Phloem transports food resources from leaves to other plant portions. Water is transported from ascending roots to aerial parts of the plants. The movement of food in phloem is bidirectional. Physical forces such as transpiration pull are required for transport in the xylem. The transport of food through the phloem requires ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) energy.
Q13: Compare the functioning of alveoli in the lungs and nephrons in the kidneys with respect to their structure and functioning
Answer:
The comparison of Alveoli in the lungs and Nephrons in the kidneys are as follows:
Alveoli in the lungs
Nephrons in the kidneys
Structural Difference
Alveoli in the lungs are the tiny air sacs that are located in the lungs that help in the rapid exchange of gases. Nephrons in the kidneys consist of glomerulus and tubules through which glomerular filtrate passes. Situated in the respiratory system Situated in the respiratory system Around four eighty million alveoli are found in each lung One million nephrons are found in kidneys Sac-like structures Tubular structures Made up of simple squamous epithelium Made up of simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli Functional difference
Facilitates gaseous exchange in lungs Facilitates blood filtration in order to produce urine Pulmonary arterioles supply blood to the alveoli Afferent arterioles supply blood to the nephrons Blood is supplied to pulmonary veins by the alveoli Nephrons supply blood to renal veins.
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Also Check:
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 5 – Life Process
*As per the revised curriculum of CBSE Syllabus 2023-24, this chapter, previously known as Chapter 6, has now been renumbered as Chapter 5. Stay updated with the latest changes in the curriculum.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes is all about the important process performed by an organism. These NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science are prepared by our Top Biology Experts in order to take care of all Important Topics that might be asked in the upcoming examination 2023. So, Students can also refer to these solutions for their final Examination preparation.
This Class 10 Biology Chapter 5 Life Process NCERT Solutions are carefully developed using easy-to-understand language while adhering to the guidelines for solving NCERT Solutions for Class 10. Working through these solutions can be highly beneficial for students in their board exams, as well as in preparing for future competitive Exams.