Nitrogenous Base of Nucleic Acids – Purine and Pyrimidine

There are two types of nitrogenous bases present:

  • Purines: Purines are larger, double-ring structures consisting of adenine (A) and guanine (G). Adenine pairs with thymine (in DNA) or uracil (in RNA) via hydrogen bonds, while guanine pairs with cytosine via similar bonds.
  • Pyrimidines: Pyrimidines are smaller, single-ring structures consisting of cytosine (C), thymine (in DNA), uracil (in RNA), and the less common base, cytosine (C). Pyrimidines pair with complementary bases: cytosine pairs with guanine, and thymine (in DNA) or uracil (in RNA) pairs with adenine.

Now let’s discuss it in detail.

Nucleic Acid – Definition, Function, Structure, and Types

The nucleic acid is an important molecule in living organisms. Nucleic acid functions as the blueprint for genetic information. Understanding the nucleic acid structure and functions helps in deciphering the genetic code, which contains instructions for building and maintaining living organisms.

In this article, we will cover nucleic acid definition, structure, functions, formula and more.

Table of Content

  • Nucleic Acid Meaning
  • Nucleic Acid Structure
    • Sugar
    • The Group of Phosphates
    • Nitrogenous Base
  • Nitrogenous Base of Nucleic Acids – Purine and Pyrimidine
  • Purine
    • Adenine
    • Guanine
  • Pyrimidines
    • Thymine
    • Cytosine
    • Uracil
  • Nucleic Acid Function
  • Nucleic Acid Examples
    • DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
    • RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)

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Nucleic Acid Meaning

Nucleic acids are essential molecules found in all living organisms, including DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). They play crucial roles in storing and transmitting genetic information, controlling cellular processes, and enabling protein synthesis. DNA carries the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of organisms, while RNA helps in decoding these instructions and translating them into proteins....

Nucleic Acid Structure

Nucleic acids are made up of nucleotides, which consist of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. In DNA, the nitrogenous bases include adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T), while RNA substitutes uracil (U) for thymine. These nucleotides link together to form long chains, with the sugar-phosphate backbone providing stability and the sequence of nitrogenous bases encoding genetic information....

Nitrogenous Base of Nucleic Acids – Purine and Pyrimidine

There are two types of nitrogenous bases present:...

Purine

The two main purines found in nucleic acids are adenine (A) and guanine (G)....

Pyrimidines

Pyrimidines are single-ring nitrogenous bases, including cytosine, thymine (in DNA), and uracil (in RNA), essential for encoding genetic information....

Nucleic Acid Function

The function of nucleic acid is given below:...

Nucleic Acid Examples

Some of the examples of nucleic acid are:...

Conclusion – Nucleic Acid

In conclusion, nucleic acids, encompassing DNA and RNA, serve as fundamental molecules governing life processes in all organisms. They harbor genetic information crucial for cellular development, growth, and function. DNA carries this genetic blueprint, while RNA aids in its decoding and translation into proteins. The structure of nucleic acids, composed of nucleotides containing sugar molecules, phosphate groups, and nitrogenous bases, underpins their function in storing and transmitting genetic data....

FAQs on Nucleic Acid

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