Organic Compounds
Define Organic Compounds.
Organic compounds are compounds which contain Carbon atoms linked with other atoms through covalent bonds. They are called organic compounds because initially they are derived from organic materials.
What are Some Examples of Organic Compounds?
Some common examples of organic compounds include carbohydrates (such as glucose and fructose), proteins (such as enzymes and hemoglobin), lipids (such as fats and oils), and nucleic acids (such as DNA and RNA).
Which is the Essential Element in all Organic Compounds?
Carbon is an essential element in all organic compounds. Other than carbon hydrogen and oxygen are most abundent in the organic compounds.
How are Organic Compounds Classified?
Organic Compounds can be classfied as follows:
- Aliphatic hydrocarbons
- Saturated hydrocarbons
- Alkanes
- Unsaturated hydrocarbons
- Alkenes
- Alkynes
- Aromatic hydrocarbons
- Arenes
- Compounds Containing Halogen
- Alkyl Halides (R-X)
- Aryl Halides (Ar-X)
- Compounds Containing Oxygen
- Alcohol (R-OH)
- Phenol (Ar-OH)
- Aldehyde (R-CHO)
- Ether (R-O-R)
- Carboxylic Acid (R-C(=O)-OH)
- Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
- Ketone (R-C(=O)-R)
- Ester (R-COOR’).
- Amides (R-CO-NR’R”)
- Acid Halides (R-CO-X)
- Anhydride (R-C(=O)-O-C(=O)-R’)
- Compounds Containing Nitrogen
- Amines (R-NH2)
- Cyanide or Nitrile (R-C≡N)
- Nitro Compounds (R-NO2)
- Imines (R-C=N-R’)
- Compounds Containing Sulfur
- Thiols (-SH)
- Sulfides or Thioethers (R-S-R’)
- Sulfoxides (R-S(=O)-R’)
- Sulfones (R-S(=O)2-R’)
- Thiocyanates (R-S-C≡N)
What is the Difference Between Organic and Inorganic Compounds?
Organic compounds are molecules composed of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen and other elements, while inorganic compounds do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds. Some common examples of inorganic compounds include water, salt, and minerals.
Are all Organic Compounds Safe?
No, not all organic compounds are safe. Some organic compounds can be toxic, carcinogenic, or otherwise harmful to human health and the environment. It is important to handle organic compounds with care and to follow appropriate safety protocols when working with them.
What are the Uses of Organic Compounds?
Organic Compounds are used in a variety of industries such as foods and packaging, biofuel, fossil fuels, drugs-medicine and others.
Classification of Organic Compounds
Organic compounds are defined as chemical compounds which contain carbon atoms linked with other elements through simple covalent bonds. These elements could be connected by single covalent bonds, double covalent bonds, or triple covalent bonds. In other words, we can say that all organic compounds contain carbon as their central atom. We must note that all compounds containing carbon are not considered organic compounds, such as carbonates(-CO3), bicarbonates(-HCO3), etc are carbon-containing compounds but not organic. Whereas we can say with surety that all organic compounds contain carbon atoms but vice versa is not true.
In this article, we will learn about organic compounds and their various classification based on bonds, functional groups, and structure. As there are millions of organic compounds and studying them individually is not possible. Therefore, the classification of organic compounds is required. So, let’s start learning about Organic Compounds and their classification.