Rainfed Farming
Rainfed farming, , depends on natural rainfall as the primary source of moisture for crops. It is also known as barani. This type of farming can be classified based on the adequacy of soil moisture during the cropping season:
- Dryland Farming
- Wetland Farming
Dryland Farming
- It is predominantly found in areas with annual rainfall less than 75 cm.Farmers grow hardy and drought-resistant crops such as ragi (finger millet), bajra (pearl millet), moong (green gram), gram (chickpea), and guar (a fodder crop).Techniques for soil moisture conservation and rainwater harvesting are commonly practiced to make the most of the limited water.
Wetland Farming
- Occurs in regions where rainfall exceeds the soil moisture requirements of plants during the rainy season.
- These areas may experience challenges such as flooding and soil erosion.
- Water-intensive crops like rice, jute, and sugarcane are cultivated, and aquaculture is practiced in freshwater bodies.
Types of Farming| Class 12 Geography Notes
Farming in India is as diverse as its landscapes and climates. In India, how farmers grow their crops can differ, often depending on one key factor: water. The availability of water shapes the types of farming practices used. Based on the main source of moisture for crops, farming can be classified as irrigated and rainfed (barani). In this article, you will get detailed notes on Types of Farming from Chapter 3 of your Geography textbook.