Reform of Structures and Processes
The call for reform within the United Nations (UN) is widely supported, but reaching agreement on the specifics of reform measures proves to be challenging. Let’s delve into the debate surrounding the reform of the UN Security Council. In 1992, the UN General Assembly passed a resolution reflecting three primary grievances:
- The Security Council no longer reflects contemporary political realities.
- Its decisions predominantly reflect Western values and interests, often dictated by a few powerful nations.
- It lacks equitable representation.
Responding to these demands for restructuring the UN, on January 1, 1997, UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan launched an inquiry into reforming the organization. One of the central questions raised pertained to the selection process for new Security Council members. Over the years, various criteria have been proposed for both permanent and non-permanent members of the Security Council. These criteria include being a major economic or military power, a significant contributor to the UN budget, a nation with a large population, and a country that upholds democracy and human rights. Each criterion has its advantages and drawbacks, depending on the interests and aspirations of different governments.
Furthermore, the issue of representation poses complexities. Should representation be based on geographical regions, sub-regions, or levels of economic development? Should cultural diversity be considered? There are challenges in dividing the world along cultural or civilizational lines, given the diversity within nations.
An associated issue is the potential overhaul of membership dynamics. Some advocate for abolishing the veto power held by the five permanent members, viewing it as incompatible with democratic principles and sovereign equality. However, there is resistance to such reforms, as permanent members are unlikely to relinquish their veto power, and the international community may not be ready for such drastic changes, even in the post-Cold War era.
The Security Council currently comprises five permanent members and ten non-permanent members. The veto power allows permanent members to block decisions, presenting a challenge to achieving consensus within the Council. While there have been discussions on modifying or abolishing the veto system, concerns persist about the potential consequences of such actions on the effectiveness and engagement of great powers within the UN.
Chapter 4 International Organisations| Class 12 Political Science Notes
International organisations play a very important role in global governance and cooperation. They address worldwide issues like peace, health, and economic stability. The chapter on International Organisations explores these bodies, focusing on their structure, challenges, and impact on global affairs.
In this article, you will get detailed notes on Chapter 4 International Organisations from your Class 12 Political Science NCERT textbook.