Right to Freedom of Religion
According to our Constitution, every individual has the right to choose and practice the religion of their choice, a freedom considered fundamental in a democratic society. Historically, many rulers denied this right to their subjects, often persecuting those who practiced different religions. Therefore, the freedom to follow one’s religion is considered a fundamental principle of democracy.
In India, individuals are free to choose and practice any religion, including the freedom of conscience to opt for no religion at all. This freedom encompasses the right to profess, follow, and propagate any religion, although it is subject to certain limitations imposed by the government to protect public order, morality, and health. These limitations, such as banning practices like sati or human sacrifice, are considered necessary to eradicate social evils and are not seen as interference in the right to freedom of religion.
However, such restrictions often lead to tensions between religious communities and the government, as some may perceive them as interference in their religious practices. Additionally, the right to propagate one’s religion can lead to political controversy, especially when conversions are perceived as being based on coercion or inducement. The Constitution prohibits forced conversions but allows the spread of religious information to attract followers.
India, as a country with diverse religions, must ensure equal treatment of all religions by the government, meaning no favoritism towards any particular religion. Secularism is a core principle upheld by the Constitution, ensuring that government institutions do not promote any religion, provide religious education, or discriminate based on religion in employment or other matters. These provisions aim to uphold the principle of secularism and promote equality among all religions.
Class 11 School Polity Chapter 2: Right to Freedom of Religion
The right to freedom of religion stands as a pillar of democracy, ensuring that individuals have the autonomy to choose and practice their faith without fear of persecution or coercion.
This fundamental right, engraved in India’s Constitution, reflects a departure from historical norms where rulers imposed their religious beliefs on subjects, often through forceful conversion or suppression.