Sample Questions on Chemical Bonding
Question 1: Why do atoms react?
Answer:
Atoms with eight electrons in their final orbit are stable and do not react. Atoms with fewer than eight electrons react with other atoms to gain eight electrons in their outermost orbit and thus become stable.
Question 2: How do atoms react?
Answer:
Atoms in their final orbit with eight electrons are stable and do not react. Atoms with fewer than eight electrons react with other atoms, gaining eight electrons in their outermost orbit and becoming stable.
Question 3: What are the forces that keep reacting atoms together?
Answer:
Because the outer orbitals of atoms overlap in metals, the electrons present in them do not belong to any specific atom, but rather flow over to all atoms and bind them all together (metallic bonding). Atoms that lose and gain electrons combine to form ions, which are held together by electrostatic forces of attraction (Ionic Bond). When atoms give and share electrons equally, the shared electrons serve as a unifying force between them (covalent bond).
Question 4: What are hybridized orbitals?
Answer:
Relatively similar energy sub-orbitals can combine to generate a new set of the same number of orbitals, with all contributing orbitals having the feature of proportionality. They are called hybridized orbitals.
Question 5: Why is oxygen molecule paramagnetic?
Answer:
The oxygen molecule is formed when an oxygen atom shares two electrons with another oxygen atom. The oxygen molecule is paramagnetic, indicating that it contains unpaired electrons. To explain this, a molecular orbital theory has been proposed. According to this theory, atoms lose their orbitals and instead form an equal number of orbitals that cover the entire molecule, giving rise to the term molecular orbital. The filling of these orbitals in increasing energy order results in unpaired electrons, which explains the paramagnetic behaviour of the oxygen molecule.
Chemical Bonding
Chemical Bonding as the name suggests means the interaction of different elements or compounds which defines the properties of matter. Chemical bonds are formed when either at least one electron is lost to another atom, obtaining at least one electron from a different atom, or transferring one electron to another atom. In this article, we will learn about the theories of chemical bonding such as Lewis’s theory which explains the Lewis structure of any compound, Kossel’s Theory, and Fajan’s rule. So, let’s begin the journey of Chemical Bonding.