Separating Funnel
The technique used for the separation of two immiscible liquids is done using an apparatus called a separating funnel. It is a special type of funnel which has a stop-cock in its stem which permits or stops the flow of a liquid from it. The separation of two immiscible liquids by a separating funnel depends on the differences in the densities of the composing liquids. The heavier liquid settles at the bottom and the lighter liquid remains as an upper layer.
Applications of Separating Funnel
- Separating a mixture of water and kerosene
- Separating a mixture of petrol and water
- Groundnut oil or mustard oil from water
- Mercury, carbon disulphide, chloroform, and benzene from water
Principal of Separating Funnel
A separating funnel is used for the separation of components of a mixture between two immiscible liquid phases. One phase is the aqueous phase and the other phase is an organic solvent. This separation is based on the differences in the densities of the liquids. The liquid having more density forms the lower layer and the liquid having less density forms the upper layer.
How Separating Funnel Works?
When we pour the mixture into a separating funnel Then liquid with the lower density floats on top. When the tap is opened, the liquid with a higher density starts to flow through the separating funnel into the container. The tap is then closed just before the liquid with the lower density starts to flow through. The liquid with the lower density remaining in the separating funnel can then be drained into a different container to separate the two immiscible liquids.
The image added below shows the separating funnel,
Fractional Distillation
Fractional Distillation is a technique used in the separation of miscible liquids. The process requires repeated distillations and condensations of the mixture. The separation of the mixture happens when the mixture is heated at a certain temperature where fractions of the mixture start to vaporize and are collected separately. Fraction Distillation works on the liquid that has liquid mixed together with different heat of vaporization. Petroleum Oil is distilled into Petrol, Diesel, Petroleum Jelly, etc. using the Fractional Distillation method.
In this article, we will learn about fractional distillation in chemistry, the fractional distillation definition, the fractional distillation process, and others in detail.
Table of Content
- Fractional Distillation Definition
- Principle of Fractional Distillation
- Fractional Distillation Procedure
- Applications of Fractional Distillation
- Difference between Simple Distillation and Fractional Distillation