Strict Timestamp Ordering
A variation of Basic TO is called Strict TO ensures that the schedules are both Strict and Conflict Serializable. In this variation, a Transaction T that issues a R_item(X) or W_item(X) such that TS(T) > W_TS(X) has its read or write operation delayed until the Transaction T‘ that wrote the values of X has committed or aborted.
Timestamp based Concurrency Control
Timestamp-based concurrency control is a method used in database systems to ensure that transactions are executed safely and consistently without conflicts, even when multiple transactions are being processed simultaneously. This approach relies on timestamps to manage and coordinate the execution order of transactions. Refer to the timestamp of a transaction T as TS(T).