Structure of Chromosome
The chromosome structure consists of the following parts:
- Chromatid: A chromatid is one of the two identical copies of DNA that form a replicated chromosome. Chromatids are connected at the centromere until they separate during cell division. Chromatid formation takes place in S-phase.
- Centromere: The centromere is a specific region on a chromosome where the sister chromatids are held together. Centromere is required for the movement of chromosomes towards the pole during cell division.
- Telomeres: Telomeres are protective caps located at the ends of chromosomes. They consist of region of repetitive DNA sequences towards the end of chromosome and help prevent the loss of genetic material during cell division and protect chromosomes from degradation.
- Kinetochore: The kinetochore is made up of protein and is located at the centromere. It facilitates the attachment of spindle fibers during cell division that help in the proper segregation of chromatids.
- Chromatin: Multiple chromatin fibers join and coil together to form the chromosome.
- Secondary constriction: It is usually present for the purpose of nucleolar organization.
Chromosomes Structure and Functions
Chromosomes are thread-like structures found in the nucleus. They consist of proteins and DNA that are arranged into specific sequences for specific traits. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent. The most important function of chromosome is to carry the genetic material from one cell generation to the next. The basic shape of chromosomes is rod-shaped consisting of a centromere and arms. During cell division, chromosomes divide and ensure the distribution of genetic material to daughter cells.
The function of chromosome includes the transfer of genetic information from one generation to another, protein synthesis, cellular replication, and gene regulation. In this article, we will study What is chromosome, the discovery of chromosomes, the structure of chromatin, the structure of chromosomes, the function of chromosomes, types of chromosomes, Human chromosomes and Karyotypes, and Genetic mapping.
Table of Content
- What is a Chromosome?
- Discovery of Chromosome
- Structure of Chromosome
- Structural Organization of Chromatin
- Functions of Chromosome
- Types of Chromosomes
- Human Chromosomes
- Karyotypes and Genetic Mapping
- FAQs – Chromosomes and Their Function