The Battle of Plassey

In 1756, Alivardi Khan passed away, and Sirajuddaulah ascended to the position of Nawab of Bengal. The East India Company attempted to support one of Sirajuddaulah’s rivals in claiming the Nawabship. Upon learning of the Company’s intervention in political matters, Sirajuddaulah demanded they cease meddling, halt fortification efforts, and pay owed revenues.

In 1757, under the leadership of Robert Clive, the Company’s forces confronted Sirajuddaulah at Plassey. The decisive factor in Sirajuddaulah’s defeat was the non-participation of the forces led by Mir Jafar. The Battle of Plassey gained prominence as it marked the Company’s initial significant triumph in India.

The primary goal of the Company was trade expansion. Initially, the Company aimed to achieve this through cooperation with local rulers, thus avoiding direct territorial acquisition. However, this approach proved challenging.

In 1765, the Mughal emperor appointed the Company as the Diwan of Bengal provinces, granting access to the region’s substantial revenue resources. Since the early 18th century, the Company’s trade with India had flourished, with goods from India exchanged for gold and silver imported from Britain.

CBSE Class 8 History Notes Chapter 2 – From Trade to Territory

Were you aware that the British initially arrived as a modest trading entity and showed reluctance in territorial expansion? So, how did they evolve into rulers of a sprawling empire?

This chapter delves into the transformation, detailing the ascent of the East India Company, the expansion of trade, the establishment of new business regulations, and significant events like The Battle of Plassey. These notes for CBSE Class 8 History, Chapter 2 – From Trade to Territory, provide students with the confidence to tackle their History exams effectively.

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East India Company begins to trade in Bengal

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How trade led to battles

Tensions between the East India Company and the Nawabs of Bengal escalated significantly. The Bengal nawabs staunchly withheld concessions, imposed hefty tributes for the Company’s trade privileges, prohibited coin minting rights, and curtailed fortification expansions....

The Battle of Plassey

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Company officials become “nabobs”

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Company Rule Expands

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Tipu Sultan – The “Tiger of Mysore”

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War with the Marathas

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The claim to paramountcy

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Setting up a New Administration

Warren Hastings, serving as Governor-General from 1773 to 1785, played a pivotal role in advancing Company authority. During his tenure, the Company expanded its influence in Bengal, Bombay, and Madras. British territories were categorized into administrative divisions known as Presidencies, consisting of Bengal, Madras, and Bombay, each governed by a Governor....

The Company Army

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Conclusion

The East India Company underwent a transition from a trading enterprise to a territorial colonial authority. With the advent of new steam technology in the early nineteenth century, by 1857, the Company exercised direct governance over approximately 63 percent of the Indian subcontinent’s territory and 78 percent of its population....

Chapter 2 – From Trade to Territory- FAQs

How did the British transition from being a modest trading entity to rulers of a vast empire in India?...

How did the British transition from being a modest trading entity to rulers of a vast empire in India?

The British evolved from a modest trading entity to rulers of a vast empire in India through strategic alliances, military conquests, and economic exploitation. Initially arriving as traders, they gradually expanded their influence through treaties, annexations, and the establishment of administrative structures, ultimately asserting control over large swathes of Indian territory....