The Gwangju Democratisation Movement

Continued Economic Growth and Calls for Democratisation

Following Park Chung-hee’s death, aspirations for democratization surged, but in December 1979, Chun Doo-hwan orchestrated another military coup. In May 1980, protests erupted across key cities, with students and citizens demanding democracy in opposition to Chun’s military regime. Martial law was imposed nationwide to quell the dissent, but in Gwangju, protesters persisted, leading to the Gwangju Democratization Movement. Despite their efforts, Chun’s regime suppressed the movement, and he assumed the presidency later that year through an indirect election under the Yusin Constitution....

Chun Doo-hwan’s Military Coup

In December 1979, General Chun Doo-hwan seized power in another military coup, thwarting hopes for a smooth transition to democracy....

The Gwangju Democratisation Movement

The city of Gwangju emerged as a symbol of resistance against Chun’s regime, as students and citizens defiantly challenged martial law, demanding an end to authoritarian rule....

Chun’s Administration: Economic Growth Amidst Political Repression

The Chun administration, while quelling democratic movements, capitalized on the international economic boom to propel South Korea’s economic growth....

The Rise of Citizen Activism: Towards Democratic Reform

As economic development spurred urbanization and education, citizens became increasingly aware of their political rights, demanding constitutional amendments for direct presidential elections. However, Chun’s regime remained steadfast in its authoritarian grip....

The June Democracy Movement: A Turning Point

In May 1987, revelations of a university student’s death by torture sparked widespread outrage, igniting the June Democracy Movement....

A New Dawn for Korean Democracy

The culmination of years of struggle and sacrifice, the revised constitution paved the way for direct presidential elections, marking a monumental shift towards democratic governance....

Conclusion

The tumultuous period following Park Chung-hee’s reign was fraught with challenges, yet it ultimately catalyzed South Korea’s transition to democracy. From the streets of Gwangju to the halls of power in Seoul, the unwavering spirit of the Korean people paved the way for a new era of democratic governance, forever shaping the nation’s trajectory....

Continued Economic Growth and Calls- FAQs

What sparked the Gwangju Democratisation Movement?...