The Judiciary
The story of Office Memorandum highlights the importance of an independent and powerful judiciary in democracies. The Indian judiciary consists of a Supreme Court for the entire nation, High Courts in states, District Courts, and local courts. The Supreme Court controls the judicial administration in the country, making its decisions binding on all other courts. It is the highest court of appeal in civil and criminal cases and can hear appeals against the decisions of the High Courts.
India’s judiciary is one of the most powerful in the world, with the Supreme Court and High Courts having the power to interpret the Constitution and declare invalid any law or action against the Constitution. They also have the power to determine the Constitutional validity of any legislation or action challenged before them.
The Indian judiciary also acts as the guardian of Fundamental Rights, allowing citizens to approach the courts for remedies in case of any violation of their rights. In recent years, the courts have given several judgments and directives to protect public interest and human rights. Public interest litigation allows individuals to approach the courts if the government’s actions hurt public interest. This has led to a high level of confidence among the people in the judiciary.
NCERT Notes Class-9 Civics Chapter-4: Working of Institutions
NCERT Class 9 Civics Chapter 4: Working of Institutions is an important chapter in the Social Science curriculum. It focuses on understanding the functioning of institutions in a democracy. The chapter discusses the concept of democracy and how it is not just about people electing their rulers. In a democracy, the rulers have to follow some rules and procedures. They have to work with and within institutions. This chapter is about the working of such institutions in a democracy.
Table of Content
- Overview
- How is a Major Policy Decision Taken?
- Parliament
- Political Executive
- The Judiciary