The report of William Adam
During the 1830s, William Adam conducted a tour of Bengal and Bihar at the request of the East India Company to evaluate the status of education in vernacular schools.
As per Adam’s findings, there were over 100,000 pathshalas in Bengal and Bihar, each accommodating no more than 20 students. These institutions were typically established by affluent individuals or local communities.
The educational system was characterized by its flexibility, lacking fixed fees, printed books, dedicated school buildings, seating arrangements, blackboards, class divisions, attendance registers, annual examinations, or regular schedules.
Classes were conducted under banyan trees, in village shops or temples, or at the teacher’s residence. Tuition fees varied based on parents’ income, with wealthier families paying more. Teachers determined the curriculum orally, tailored to the students’ needs. Students gathered together, and the teacher provided instruction to different groups based on their learning levels.
This adaptable system aligned with local requirements, suspending classes during harvest seasons and resuming once crops were harvested and stored.
CBSE Class 8 History Notes Chapter 7 – Civilising the Native, Educating the Nation
CBSE Class 8 History Chapter 6 – “Civilising the Native, Educating the Nation” aims to elucidate the impact of British rule on students’ lives. The British presence in India extended beyond territorial dominance and revenue management; they also perceived a cultural obligation to “civilise the natives” and reform their traditions and beliefs.
By understanding the notes for Chapter 6 of CBSE Class 8 History, students can gain a comprehensive understanding of these concepts.