The Rowlatt Satyagraha
In 1919, Gandhi initiated satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act, which curtailed fundamental rights like freedom of expression and bolstered police powers. On April 6, 1919, Gandhi and Indians nationwide observed a day of non-violent resistance against this Act. Satyagraha Sabhas were established to spearhead the movement.
April 1919 witnessed numerous demonstrations and hartals across the country, met with severe government reprisals. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, perpetrated by General Dyer in Amritsar on Baisakhi day (April 13), was a brutal manifestation of this suppression.
During the Rowlatt Satyagraha, participants worked to ensure Hindu-Muslim unity against British rule. Gandhi envisioned India as a nation for all its inhabitants, irrespective of their religious affiliations, emphasizing unity among Hindus, Muslims, and other religious communities.
Chapter 9: The Making of the National Movement: 1870s-1947| Class 8 History Notes
The Indian National Movement played a pivotal role in securing the country’s independence. It began in 1947 and evolved over several years before achieving success. Various factors contributed to the genesis of this movement, including the rise of nationalism, events like the Rowlatt Satyagraha, the proliferation of mass nationalism, and the Quit India movement.
In crafting these CBSE Class 8 History notes for Chapter 9 – “The Making of the National Movement: 1870s-1947,” we have comprehensively addressed all key topics covered in the chapter.