The Seasons

4 main seasons can be identified in India:

1. The cold weather season (Winter)
2. The hot weather season (Summer)
3. The advancing monsoon (Rainy Season)
4. The retreating monsoon with some regional variations (Transition Season)

The Cold Weather Season (Winter)

• Winter starts around mid-November in northern India and lasts till February.
• December and January are the coldest months in the northern region.
• Temperatures decrease from south to north.
• Days are warm, but nights can be cold.
• The weather is characterized by clear skies, low temperatures, and low humidity, with light, variable winds.
• This season is crucial for cultivating “rabi” crops.

The Hot Weather Season (Summer)

• From March to May, India experiences a hot weather season.
• Temperatures rise during the summer months, especially in the northern part of the country.
• The “loo,” strong, gusty, hot, dry winds blow over north and northwestern India during the day.
• Pre-monsoon showers occur towards the end of the season, aiding in the early ripening of mangoes.

Advancing Monsoon (The Rainy Season)

• South-east trade winds originating over warm subtropical areas of the southern oceans cross the equator and enter India as the southwest monsoon.
• The monsoon winds cover the country for about a month, bringing heavy rainfall.
• Mawsynram in the Khasi Hills receives the highest average rainfall globally.
• The monsoon is characterized by breaks in rainfall, related to the movement of the monsoon trough and the frequency and intensity of tropical depressions.

Retreating/Post Monsoons (The Transition Season)

• October to November marks the transition from the rainy season to dry winter conditions.
• The retreat of the monsoon is marked by clear skies and rising temperatures.
• Days are hot, while nights are cool and pleasant.
• High temperatures and humidity during the day can make the weather oppressive, known as the “October heat.”
• Towards the end of October, temperatures start to drop rapidly in northern India.

NCERT Notes Class 9 Geography: Climate Class 9 Geography Notes are important for CBSE board exams of Class 9 students. You’ll learn about climate and what factors affect it, like how high or low a place is, how close it is to the sea, and even how the wind blows.

These notes are important for Class 9 students studying geography because they cover important topics that they need to know for their exams.