Total Internal Reflection

The complete reflection of a light ray at the boundary of two media when the beam travels from the medium with a higher refractive index to low refractive index is known as total internal reflection.

Condition for TIR

  • Light should be travelling from Denser Medium(High Refractive Index) to Rarer Medium(Low Refractive Index)
  • If the incidence angle is larger than the critical angle.

Application of TIR

  • TIR is used in Optical fiber.
  • It is binocular, telescope, periscope.
  • TIR concept is used in Diamond.
  • TIR is used in the formation of Mirage

Also, Check

NCERT Notes for Class 10 Physics Chapter 10 Light-Reflection and Refraction

Class 10 Physics Chapter 10 Light-Reflection and Refraction is one of the most important chapters to learn. In this article, we will learn about reflection, types of reflection, refraction, images formed by spherical, spherical lenses, and different types of lenses and mirrors, magnification, Power of lens, and light passing through a prism. This article is designed to provide students with a comprehensive summary of the entire class 10 NCERT Chapter 10 Notes and include all of the essential topics, formulas, and concepts necessary for success on exams.

Table of Content

  • What is Light?
  • Reflection of Light
  • Mirror Formula
  • Refraction of light
  • Lens Formula
  • Power of Lens

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What is Light?

Light is an electromagnetic wave that can be visible to humans and help humans to see the object. We can also define Light as a form of energy that helps us to see. Light Wave contains a minute packet of energy particles called photons. As sound requires mediums like solid, liquid, and gas to travel through but light does not require any medium to travel. The speed of light is 3×108 m/s....

Reflection of Light

The bouncing back of maximum light when falls on a highly polished surface is known as Reflection of Light. We can see any image in the mirror due to the reflection of light only. We can’t see any image in the dark because of the unavailability of light reflection does not take place. Reflection is of two types:...

What is a Mirror?

Mirror is highly polished surface which bounces back the maximum light when rays of light fall on it. It forms image that is either real or virtual....

Plane Mirror

A Plane Mirror is a mirror whose reflection surface is flat and plane in nature. When an object is place in front of plane mirror image formed behind the mirror distance between the object and the plane is same as the distance between the image formed at back of the mirror....

Spherical Mirror

A Spherical Mirror is a type of mirror whose reflecting surfaces are the parts of a hollow sphere of glass....

Concave Mirror

The type of spherical mirror in which the reflection of light takes place from the side which is curved inward and the outer bulged surface is silvered polished is called a concave mirror. It is also called the converging mirror. It converges the parallel beam of light at focus(F). The shaving mirror and the mirror used by a dentist are examples of concave mirrors....

Convex Mirror

The type of spherical mirror in which reflection of light takes place from the outer bulged surface and curved inward surface is silvered polished. It is also called the diverging mirror. The side view mirror of vehicle and magnifying are the example of convex mirror....

Mirror Formula

Mirror Formula expresses the relation between focal length, object-distance and image-distance....

Refraction of light

The phenomenon of change in the direction/path of light rays when it travels from one transparent medium to another is called refraction of light. The bending of light is caused by the change in the wave’s speed. light has different speeds in different mediums. When light travels in the same medium, it travels along a straight line but when the medium has changed the speed of light changes and it bends....

Snell’s Law

Snell’s Law states that for the light if given colour and for the given pair of media, the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is constant. It gives the degree of refraction and also tells the relation between the angle of incidence, the angle of refraction and the refractive index of media....

Refractive Index

The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a given medium for the given wavelength is called the “Refractive index” of that medium. It is denoted by “μ”....

Refraction through Glass Prism

Glass Prism is an optical device made with glass and have triangular faces in which the glasses are cut at angles to carry out optical phenomena such as refraction. The splitting of light into band of seven colours when it passes through a glass prism is called Dispersion of Light. Refraction through the Glass Prism is shown below:...

Spherical Lens

Lens is a transparent glass material through which light can refract. In class 10 we have to study about spherical lens....

Convex Lens

The lens which is thicker at the middle than the end is called a convex lens. It is also called a converging lens as it converges the parallel beam of light into a point....

Concave Lens

The lens which is thicker at the end than the middle is called the concave lens. It is also called diverging lens as it spreads out the light rays that have been refracted through it. It has the ability to diverge the parallel beam of light....

Lens Formula

Lens formula expresses the relation between focal length, object-distance and image-distance. Lens Formula is given as:...

Power of Lens

Power of a lens describes the ability of lens to converges or diverge the rays of lights when falls on the lens. It is also defined as the reciprocal of focal length of a lens. Power is denoted by P....

Total Internal Reflection

The complete reflection of a light ray at the boundary of two media when the beam travels from the medium with a higher refractive index to low refractive index is known as total internal reflection....

Sample Questions on NCERT Notes Class 10 Physics Chapter 10

Q1: What is the real image?...

NCERT Notes for Class 10 Physics Chapter 10 Light – FAQs

1. What is Light?...