Types of Mineral Resources
Based on their chemical and physical properties, minerals can be broadly categorized into metallic and non-metallic minerals, each with further subdivisions. Metallic minerals serve as sources of metals, such as iron ore, copper, and gold. These minerals are classified into ferrous and non-ferrous categories, with ferrous minerals containing iron and non-ferrous minerals lacking iron content, such as copper and bauxite.
Non-metallic minerals, on the other hand, can be either organic or inorganic in origin. Organic non-metallic minerals include fossil fuels like coal and petroleum, derived from buried animal and plant life. Inorganic non-metallic minerals include substances like mica, limestone, and graphite.
Minerals possess certain characteristics, including their uneven distribution across space, an inverse relationship between quality and quantity (with high-quality minerals generally found in lower quantities), and their finite nature. Since minerals take a long time to develop geologically and cannot be replenished immediately, they must be conserved and used judiciously to avoid depletion.
Chapter 5 Mineral and Energy Resources| Class 12 Geography Notes
Our modern civilization heavily relies on mineral and energy resources for its sustenance and growth. These natural resources are indispensable for various sectors, including construction, manufacturing, transportation, and power generation. However, as our population and demand for resources continue to grow, the finite nature of these resources poses significant challenges. Overexploitation and unsustainable practices can lead to depletion, environmental degradation, and adverse impacts on ecosystems and communities.