Types of Rootkits

Bootloader rootkit

When you switch on a computer, the bootloader loads the operating system. A bootloader rootkit infiltrates this mechanism, infecting your machine with malware before the operating system is ready for use. Bootloader rootkits are less of a threat currently, because of security mechanisms such as Secure Boot.

Firmware rootkit

Firmware is a sort of software that gives basic control over the hardware it is designed for. Firmware can be found on a wide range of equipment, including mobile phones and washing machines. A firmware rootkit is difficult to detect because it hides in firmware, where most cybersecurity tools do not look for malware.

Kernel Rootkits

The kernel of your operating system functions similarly to the nervous system. It’s a key layer that helps with essential tasks. A kernel rootkit can be disastrous since it targets a critical component of your computer and grants a threat actor significant control over the system.

Memory rootkit

Memory rootkits live in your computer’s RAM and can slow down your system while doing malicious functions. You can usually erase a memory rootkit by restarting your computer, as this clears all processes from your machine’s memory.

Application rootkit

An application rootkit may replace your ordinary files with rootkit code, granting the rootkit creator access to your machine each time you execute the infected files. However, this sort of malware is easier to detect because files containing rootkits can act abnormally. In addition, your security tools have a better chance of detecting them.

What is a Rootkit?

The term rootkit is derived from the words “root” and “kit.” The phrases “root,” “admin,” “superuser,” and “system admin” all refer to a user account with power of administration in an operating system. Meanwhile, “kit” refers to a collection of software tools. So, a rootkit is a collection of tools that grants someone the most powerful capabilities in a system. Let’s briefly discuss this.

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What is a Rootkit?

A rootkit is a harmful software tool or program that allows a threat actor to take remote control of and access to a computer or other system. While there are actual applications for this kind of software, such as remote end-user support, the majority of rootkits create a backdoor on victims’ computers so that harmful programs, such as viruses, ransomware, keylogger programs, or other malware, can be introduced or the system can be used as a platform for additional network security attacks. Rootkits commonly try to stop antivirus and endpoint antimalware software from detecting harmful software....

How Rootkit Functions?

Rootkits are unable to spread on their own, thus they must infect systems through covert techniques. When unaware consumers allow rootkit installer programs to install on their systems, the rootkits install and remain hidden until hackers activate them. Rootkits contain malicious software such as banking credential stealers, password stealers, keyloggers, antivirus disablers, and bots used in distributed denial-of-service attacks....

Why are Rootkits so Dangerous?

Rootkit viruses can spread using misleading threat vectors such as faulty downloads, spam emails, and exploit kits. Some rootkits even use Trojans such as Perkier malware to compromise a system’s security....

Types of Rootkits

Bootloader rootkit...

Examples of Rootkit Attacks

Phishing and social engineering attacks:  Users who read spam emails and unintentionally download malicious software put their PCs at risk of becoming infected with rootkits. Rootkits also employ keyloggers to obtain user login information. A rootkit, once installed, can allow hackers to access sensitive user information and take control of computer operating systems....

Popular Rootkit Examples

Lane Davis and Steven Dake wrote the first known rootkit in the early 1990s. NTRootkit was one of the earliest malicious rootkits targeting the Windows operating system. HackerDefender – this early Trojan modified/augmented the OS at the lowest level of function calls. Machiavelli, the first rootkit for Mac OS X, was released in 2009. This rootkit generates covert system calls and kernel threads. Greek wiretapping: In 2004/05, attackers built a rootkit that targeted Ericsson’s AXE PBX. Zeus, discovered in July 2007, is a Trojan horse that steals financial information using man-in-the-browser keyboard tracking and form capture. Stuxnet is the first known rootkit for industrial control systems. Flame is a computer malware that was found in 2012 that infects machines using the Windows operating system. It can capture audio, screenshots, keyboard activities, and network traffic....

Conclusion

A rootkit is a program or group of malicious software tools that allows a threat actor to remotely access and manipulate a computer or other device. The fact that rootkits are made to conceal their existence on your device makes them very hazardous. A threat actor who has installed a rootkit on your machine (often through phishing emails) can remotely access and manipulate it. Rootkits, which allow root-level access, can be used to deactivate antivirus software, spy on your behavior, steal sensitive data, or execute other malware on the device....

Frequently Asked Questions on Rootkit- FAQs

Is rootkit a type of Trojan?...