How to use operators In Python

• Addition or Subtraction by 1: For integer n you can write 
  • -~n is equivalent to n+1
  • ~-n is equivalent to n-1

This works because the bit flip ~x equals -x-1. This uses the same number of characters, but can indirectly cut spaces or parents for operator precedence.

• Membership in Set: We write set in Python as S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. To check whether an element e exists in Set S or not we can check the condition as {e}&S 

  Original Code: 

S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
if 5 in S:
    print("Present")
else:
    print("Absent")

Golfed Code: 

S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
if {5}&S:
    print("Present")
else:
    print("Absent")

• Sibling of AND operator: When we have two boolean or integer values, a and b, if we want to find out if both a and b are true, use * instead of and. 

  Original Code: 

if a and b:
    print("geeks")
else:
    print("w3wiki")

Golfed Code: 

if a*b:
    print("geeks")
else:
    print("w3wiki")

• Sibling of OR operator: When we have two boolean or integer values, a and b, if we want to find out if any one from a and b is true or both, use | instead of or. 

  Original Code: 

if a or b:
    print("geeks")
else:
    print("w3wiki")

Golfed Code: 

if a|b:
    print("geeks")
else:
    print("w3wiki")

• Use += instead of append: Instead of using append for adding one item to an existing list, we can use += operator. 

  Original Code: 

A.append(B)

Golfed Code: 

A+=B,

Note: B, here creates a one-element tuple which can be used to extend A just like [B] in A+=[B]. 

• Use += instead of extend: Instead of using extend for merging one list into another at the end, we can use += operator. 

  Original Code: 

A.extend(B)

Golfed Code: 

A+=B

• Magical Comparison Operators: We face many situations in which we have to compare a single variable with different values, and generally we defend them by different comparisons and combining them with AND operator. But Python allows us to put all comparison operators in a single line without using the AND operator. 
  Original Code: 

if a>1 and a<10:
    print(a)

Golfed Code: 

if 1<a<10:
    print(a)

Note: We can use this technique for multiple variables also at the same time. 

Original Code: 

if a > 10 and b > 10 and 30 > a and 50 > b:
    print(a)

Golfed Code: 

if 30 > a > 10 < b < 50:
    print(a)

Code Golf in Python refers to attempting to solve a problem using the least amount of characters possible. Like in Golf, the low score wins, the fewest amount of characters “wins”. 

Python is a fantastic language for code golfing due to backward compatibility, quirks, it being a high-level language, and all the coercion. So, here we will look at some Code golfing techniques in Python language.